Human Communication Process in the Small Group Context Essay Example for Free

Human Communication Process in the Small sort Context EssayQuestion 5How would you rewrite some of Lams comments to show how he could set out paraphrased what Kelli, Ryan, and Tamika said? Tyler has been late to goings, because he has been caring for his sick pargonnts. Because he his late and wanting(p) meetings, we are missing his part of our assignment. Lets just go ahead and condense started and try to finish tonight. If we need another meeting, we can meet at my place to give us more style, instead of meeting in this old stuffy room. Its good to paraphrase because, it allows to previous speaker unit know if you understood what was said. If incorrect, the message can then be delivered in another way, so that the listener understands the message the speaker it trying to make (Galanes Adams, 2010). This allows for in effect(p) discourse.Question 6Which of the eight major categories of sign-language(a) behaviors are most relevant to this study base? Several of the eight major categories of nonverbal behaviors are expressed in this study group. First of all space and seating play a part because, the group was sitting in a circle, and when Tamika pulled absent from the table, it showed that she was upset about Tyler not being present demonstrating kinesics. In addition, Tamika was using time cues by complaining that Tyler was late and that 20 minutes had gone by. When Kelli began to plurality up her things, her movements expressed that she too was unhappy about the situation. Para expression was used when the pitch of Tamikas voice changed as she asked the question Man, what time is it. It is evident that on that point was no transactional process within the group as a whole. Tamika and Kelli were expressing how they felt about Tyler on being present at the meetings.They were clearly sending a message throughout the group. As Ryan was demonstrating paraphrase by reminding the group the everyone knew that Tylers parents was sick and Lam actio n-oriented listening turned everyones attention back to the confinement of completing the project. It is clear that there was plenty of nonverbal behavior with this group. Nonverbal behaviors can be interpreted by other in ways not intended. Our text states nonverbal behaviors can contradict verbal behaviors (Galanes Adams, 2010). As we speak to another person or a group, our tone of voice and body language are also speaking for us. Its important to be aware, so that our actions arent taking away from what we are trying to speak. By observing nonverbal ques, we are able to recognize if what we are saying is being taken serious, upsetting someone, confusing or if people are in agreement.Question 7How might computer-mediated communication been used by our student group? What precautions might they take should they choose to use it to compensate for absences from meetings? Computer mediated communication could have been used in the form of video conference where every member can see and hear their team member, or a chat room where all team members can post their work and respond to other members work.They could attach their assigned work to an email and forward the work to all the members of the group this would have eliminated Tyler missing meets and Tamika being in that stuffy room. The first precaution is making sure each member has a computer or nark to one. If the group is going to use the video conference, then the group need to make sure everyone has the proper equipment and software to participate in the group project. erstwhile the group establishes everyone has a computer or access, they need to understand how to upload their work if they decide to use the chat room as a communication channel.Question 8Given your understanding of communication principals, including nonverbal messages, what advice would you give to this student group? The group in chapter two should have, communicated differently. Communication is the key to an efficacious group. Yo u must communicate with your fellow team members, be open about what you are feeling so that way tension does not build and embellish making thing much worse than they have to be. Lam could have paraphrased the group feeling when he took control, and decided to start.If lam would have paraphrased, it would have let the other members know that he was listening to their concerns. The group should be more mindful of their nonverbal behavior. Lam did do a broad job displaying action-oriented listening and getting the team back on track. As a group they should have focused on a solution to get Tylers part of the assignment, since they know his pattern with the group. Email and video conferencing are a couple of solutions.ReferencesGalanes, G. J., Adams, K. (2010). Human Communication Process in the Small Group Context. In Effective Group Discussion (pp. 22-47, Chapter 2, pgs. 39 46, Chapter 3). New York, NY McGraw-Hill.

MBA Marketing Analysis and Planning

MBA Marketing Analysis and PlanningThe inform analyzes the grocery for talk abouts Chucks totally wizard range of footwear in the United States of America and includes a whole tone at early(a) competitive stains for comparison. Graphs depicting market data in terms of net sales in US dollars retain been included to view as the findings. The report constituents the market for Chucks on base of demographic, psychographic and behavioral factors and then moves on to highlight the target market for the sack upvas garment. Also included is the market plant of Chucks relative to its competitors. The report describes the ingatherings merchandising mix and its influence on the market position and customers buying behavior. Also, the approach has been criticized in terms of current and future opportunities. Finally, the report draws a conclusion of the marketIntroduction to communion and Chucks All StarIt all began in 1908, when Marquis M. communication launched the hold for th Rubber shoe fel lowlyship in Malden, Massachusetts. The company started as a manufacturer of rubber tog, which offered winterized rubber soled footwear for men, women, and children. By the year 1910 the dialogue Shoe Company was producing 4,000 tog daily, but it was not until 1912, that it first began producing athletic shoes for tennis. In 1917, the company revolutionized basketball by introducing the worlds first canvas high-top performance basketball shoes, that it named the All Star. Five days later, a semi-professional basketball player, Charles Chuck Taylor officially joined Converse as Americas first sports player endorser Chucks signature was added two long time later in the All Star patch and for the next four decades, Chucks, as they became known, were the shoes to have, particularly on the basketball court.The involvement of America in World War II (1941) took Converse into a new phase and it began manufacturing boots and ponchos. Converse designed the A6 Flying B oot for the U.S. Army Air Corps and thus far post the war these shoes re main(prenominal)ed the government issued athletic shoes for military training. For its war efforts Converse received a human activity of honors from the Army, Navy, and U.S. Treasury.Converse shoes became the physique one footwear among the teenagers, who wore them as a symbol of youth rebellion in the 50s and for the uniform reason they continued to be ordinary in the 70s and 80s.But it was in the late 80s that Converses popularity started to decline. A series of unfortunate events and bad decisions lead Converse to file for bankruptcy in 2001. In June, 2003 Nike bought Converse out for $305 million and has ever since invested to a greater extent than than four million dollars into its publicizing. Today, Converse has over 1,000 different types of Chucks sell in the market to individuals and organizations, all with the same goal WEAR A SHOE THAT MAKES A STATEMENT.As mentioned in the mission statement o f the companyOur heraldic bearing is to deliver personal service to our customers knowing that soon we will become friends. Our hope is that we provide the same shoes that our owners father wore for cross country in 1965, and his grandfather wore to play stickball in the bridle-paths of Philadelphia in the 30s.This report is an outcome of an analysis of trade strategies used by Converse in the United States of America. The main purpose of the report is to indicate the market segmentation and target customer base of Converses most famous range of shoes, the Chucks or Converse All Star, in the U.S. The report further analyzes the position of Converse in the footwear industry in comparison to its competitors the positive and negative aspects of the positioning strategies. It further discusses the convergence, pricing, promotional and statistical distribution strategies and their influence on the buying behavior.Market Segmentation, Target Market and Positioning of ChucksConverse cl aims to be the first shoe company to launch footwear with self-importance Expression and till date Chucks enjoy the status of beingness the most popular shoes with this advantage. Despite this fact, Converse prefers to focus only on authoritative preference clusters and chooses target marketing over traditional mass marketing.The market for the Chucks All Stars has primarily been segmented according to demographic factors, to wit, age and income. Furthermore, the company besides divides the market on basis of psychographic factors like life-style and personality. Behavioral factors, like attitude and user status, have also been used to segment the market further. The fruit goes beyond segmenting the market on basis of gender, by offering shoes for both men and women, and also unisex shoes.The market for the Chucks has been segmented on basis of the following factorsDemographic Under this factor the U.S. population is primarily categorized on basis of age, discretionary income and generation. The age groups have been split into four parts, namely under 13, 13 to 19, 20 to 35 and above 35. *Further, the income groups have been divided into 0 income (students), $ 1 to $ 30,000 (young entry-level professionals) and above $ 30,000 (upper middle class). The generations have been segmented into baby boomers (those born(p) between 1946 and 1964), Generation X (those born between 1964 and 1984) and Generation Y (those born after 1984).Psychographic For this factor the market has been categorized on basis of lifestyle and personality. The population of the U.S. has been segmented on basis of lifestyle into seven groups, namelyResigned Rigid, authoritarian, chauvinistic (older)Mainstream Domestic, conformist, conventional (Part of the mass, favoring big swords)Aspirer Materialistic, acquisitive, image conscious, attractive more main(prenominal) than quality of contents (Younger, clerical/sales type occupation)Succeeder Strong goal orientation, confidence, work ethic (Top management)Explorer Energy-autonomy, adventurous (Younger students)Reformer Freedom from restriction, uncharitable of bad taste ( Higher education)Behavioral The market has been segmented on basis of loyalty status into Hard-core loyals, split loyals, shifting loyals and switchers. Also, attitudes of the American dregs of the people have been used to factor the market into upbeat enjoyers, insecures and financial positives. Converse has analyzed web users online activities to figure out who is most likely to be provoke in its product, which enables them to place ads on whatever sites those consumers are visiting. For example, behavioral segments important to the footwear industry, such as fashion-interested, outdoor sports enthusiast or soccer mom, would be based on where the user has gone and/or what they have done on various web pages.Share of U.S. Footwear Retail Sales by Consumer Group and Major Product Category,2008(%)Target MarketWith respect to the segm ents classified above, the Chucks have been made to target two age groups the Teens, ranging from 13 to 19 years of age and the entry-level professionals ranging from the age of 20 to 35. The Chucks are designed for both male as well as the female consumers with different variations and patterns for both. The product also offers a unisex range to its consumers. Chucks marketing strategy also targets the zero, mid and upper range income groups. The marketing focus lies mainly on the younger generation, Generation X (Gen X) and Generation Y (The Echo Boomers), who fall in the Aspirer, Explorer or Reformer category based on lifestyles.*The shoes became very popular with shiver musicians, and younger generations wore them for their distinctive searchs, colors, and comfort and as an alternative to the high priced high performance shoes made by Nike and other companies. They were considered a leisure shoe and also were purchased because they were fashionable.*People from inner-directed hierarchy of stages, particularly I-am-me and Experimental lifestyles are being targeted.Product Positioning of Chucks relative to its competitorsConverse once stood for athletic footwear. Now the brand has developed into a fashion statement for the retro-modern sub-culture prevalent in todays generation and is marketed as a Classic shoe for the new generation. Converse has obtained a untroubled position in the buyers mind through and through better product attributes, price, quality and image, offering the product in a different way than the competitors do. The company offers the product in a variety of colors and styles at an affordable price with high branding, which ultimately helps to position the Chucks, in the buyers perspective, as trendy yet unproblematic shoes.Converse has adopted the Cultural Symbol Approach to position Chucks in the market by associating the product with the basketball legend Chuck H. Taylor and appending his signature with the brand logo. The brand take to be of Converse is such that owning a pair of Chucks is equivalent to owning a piece of history, which apparently is a value offered by none other in the market. The Product User Approach for positioning the Chucks relative to its competitors.Another advantage Converse enjoys over its competitors is the association of the brand with music. The shoe became associated with puck gem and counter culture after being worn by the bands The Ramones and Blondie, who communicated with both quick music and fashion statements. The Ramones used the shoe as part of their street image with gruesome leather jacket and blue jeans whereas Blondie gave the shoe a glossier menswear revamp creating an alternative suiting look as band members wore red and black colored Chucks with tight black pants, black jackets, shirts and ties on the cover of their Parallel Lines LP. Adopting the Product User Approach to position the Chucks Converse have also collaborated with graphic designer John Varvatos and worked on several innovative marketing and charitable projects. They also released a collection of Converse shoes inspired by Kurt Cobain featuring artwork sourced from Cobains journals. Cobain was a lot seen wearing Converse and was wearing Chucks when he killed himself. The Converse Cobain collection has earned a mixed response from Nirvana fans who have noted that Cobain was particularly bear on about corporate appropriation of counter culture value.The unique selling proposition (USP) of Converse All Star is their simple design, wearing which the consumers declare the self-possession of the old-school essence. The classic 2-ply canvas and rubber sole has been the only design that Converse shoes have revolved around and always will.Apart from the image value provided by Chucks, the product also provides its consumers with a diversity of patterns and colors to choose from, a most attractive attribute for the youth. Moreover, Chucks also come in low ankle height design and high boots to suit the style of every individual.The Chucks also compliment almost all outfits for both the genders. Be it under stunted jeans, or a short skirt, Chucks can give a trendy look to all. The big broad colored laces in the shoes can easy be arranged by youngsters in different ways to give a new look on every arrangement. It has also been a craze amongst youngsters to paint the shoes highlighting their individualism. *Therefore, Chucks are more than just shoes.Marketing Mix and Market Position of ChucksThis section describes the way Converse uses the tactical marketing tools for marketing Chucks in the United States. This section will cover the product attributes, pricing, distribution channels and promotional activities of Chuck Taylor All Star.ProductThe emoluments provided by Chucks can be classified into three groupsThe core benefits of the product comprise of the fact that Chucks are classic kicks that fit any look. They provide a perceived look of self-expressio n, free-spirit and creativity for every owner. Also, Chucks are easy to care for and teens prefer them because of the low maintenance feature that comes from a simple canvas and rubber design.The actual benefit of the shoe is its exquisite quality for a reasonable price. The Chucks use 2 ply canvas and a sturdy rubber toe-guard, which looks trendy and at the same time protects your feet. Although Chucks are not designed for athletics, they feel pretty comfortable and have a relatively simple design.Another special quality is their capacity to transcend cultures they appeal to punks, rebels, athletes, and kids.Another benefit of chucks is that they come in an unimaginable range of colors and also are packaged in color-themed shoe boxes, qualification it more appealing to the target consumer base.One of the most important features of chucks is that they provide the consumer with a variety of choices in terms of designs and patterns. The consumer can choose from hi-top, low-top, X-Hi and Slip-On.Above all, Converse is a recognized brand in the market of canvas shoes. Because of this, even after Nike took over Converse, they carried on the range with the same brand name.Augmented benefits include, the consumers being offered with an option to buy a customizable shoe with user-generated content, allowing users to design and select colors for the entire shoe. Consumers are able to create unique custom canvas shoes by uploading their own designs, patterns, illustrations, images and text, and then preview their shoes instantly. Users can also embellish their shoe designs with preset colors and patterns. The shoes are embellished and assembled from scratch at bottom 24 to 48 hours, which enables consumers to receive their shoes in one to two weeks. Apart from all these benefits offered by Chucks, they also come in limited editions for those who emergency an exclusive shoe. Converse keeps coming up web exclusive offers to increase sales and make consumers revisit th e site frequently.The sales and purchase agreement of Converse also offers an easy return within 30 days if the consumer happens to be unsatisfied with his online purchase.If purchased at high-end retailer, satisfaction guaranteePriceConverses Chucks are priced preferably slightly relative to its competitors. On one hand, where brands like Sketchers, Vans, Levis, Adidas and Lee Cooper, offer the same quality and style for a high price, Converse All-Stars dont usually cost more than $35-60. Chucks are positioned to suit practically every pocket.Consumers can also avail the Just Reduced and Last Chance offers on particular shoes succession purchasing online. The company usually provides discount coupons or vouchers on in-store purchases which can be utilized at the time of the next buy.Place/DistributionConverse has 53 outlets in the Unites States located in all major cities like California, Florida and Texas. (www.converse.com)Apart from exclusive Converse Stores, the product is a lso distributed to major retailers and is sold to the consumer through a variety of channels. According to data from BIGresearch, in the years 2006-2008 BIGresearch, nearly 18% of adult consumers have no preference for a particular brand outlet, 12% of consumers shop most often at Wal-Mart and Payless for footwear. Chucks can also be bought online from Converses official website www.converse.com.PromotionApart from competing in price, Converse has to fight for market share through strategies like strengthening brand image and product proliferation. The brand image of Converse is created by extensive marketing campaigns and celebrity endorsements. The product has had a collection of classic advertisements after Nike invested a sum of $4 million post its takeover of Converse. The figure below shoes the growth in the sales of Converse after Nike pushed its promotion.Nike, Inc. Net Sales of Cole Haan, Converse Other Products and Percent of Total NetSales, 2005-2009 (in millions $)Sourc e Nike, Inc. annual reports and press releases.Chucks have been marketed by famous personalities like Chuck H. Taylor, The Ramones and Will Smith from the field of sports, music and entertainment respectively. Converse has been actively building up a front line within the hip, indie/alternative music youth culture for the better part of the past decade, in particular emphasizing its retro-tinged Chuck Taylor All Star brand. Previously, the company has tapped musicians like Tokyo Police Club and Matt Kim to design shoes and sponsored collaborative singles from blog-hyped acts, including a recent release from Best Coast, nestling Cudi, and Vampire Weekends Rostam Batmanglij. The company also sponsors rock concerts, a kind of event associated with the target market.Since Converse is more like a community, a part of its advertising is done by its existing consumers through Word of Mouth (WOM) and internet blogs.Influence of Marketing Mix on Buying Behavior for ChucksThough the market ing mix needs to be updated on a regular basis to suit the variable needs of the existing customer base and to foray into newer markets, Converse has always promoted Chucks as an affordable trendy shoe for youngsters.With its classic customizable range of kicks, Chucks directly meets the need of creativity and self-expression for the youth. Also, the association of the brand with music since decades is a strong attraction to the followers of punk rock. Colors, styles, fashions, and what is likely to be hot are important criteria in the design of fashion footwear, and Chucks meet them all. Moreover, Converse is a celebrated brand for canvas shoes and this brand familiarity influences the buyers decision to purchase Chuck Taylors each time he walks into a store with the intent of buying a pair of shoes.Chucks are reasonably priced and therefore are more likely, than its competitors, to be purchased. The frequent discounts and offers that Converse comes up with play a significant role in attracting the customers. The vouchers earned on in-store purchases work to persuade the customers to shop at Converse again.With several factory stores in the important cities of the country, Converse has made the purchase of Chucks quite convenient for its customers. Comforters are also lured by the option of website purchases and the availability of the shoe in ubiquitous retailers like Wal-Mart and Payless.The association that Converse has made with the celebrities from all spheres of life, sports to music to media, has helped it make a positive impression on minds of the targeted younger generation. The followers of indie/punk rock also relate with Converse much more than with any other brand, owing to Converses sponsorships of music events. Also, since Converse is a recognized brand, customers tend to buy Chucks since influencers or the reference groups possess the shoe.ConclusionConverse is a recognized brand in the fashion footwear industry, which positions its Shoe, Chu cks All Star, as a shoe of self-expression. The product is reasonably priced and targets the younger generation of students and young professionals. With a variety of designs and colors, high quality standards and relatively low pricing, Chucks are amongst the most preferred shoes in the target market. Converse promotes Chucks through a number of distribution channels and celebrity endorsements. Overall with its marketing activities Chucks has been a successful brand.The only area in which Chucks are lagging is the athletic footwear segment which is huge market to be forayed in.

The Impact Of Leadership Styles

The Impact Of Leadership StylesLeadership entitlesLeaders have their own style, which is fine if they usher out find a business office that requires that style of leading. Being able to adapt the lead style according to the situation and the state of the grope or team argon flexible draws example taking charge when a team is forming but playing the role of coach when a team is managing itself well. One the fundamental principle of leadership style is to change according to the circumstances such as Situational Leadership (develop by Blanchard and Hersey in the late 1960s). According to Hersey and Blanchard, a leader is concerned with the project to be performed and with building relations with his employees. A leader may focus on work, building a team or building relationship with his or her employees, according to a combination of all these concerns Hersey and Blanchard proposed four leadership styles.Style 1 Indicating high concern for the lying-in and low concern for peop le.Style 2 Showing High Concern for Task and People.Style 3 Having high concern for people and low for the projection.Style 4 Indicating Low Concern for the task and Low Concern for people.According to them all the classified four styles be functional it is according to their relevance situation that is important. Leadership styles in the situational model can be classified according to the amount of task and relationship behavior the leader engages in. Task related behavior also known as correct behavior since a leaders behavior revolves on regulating his or her sort out members and their task completion, different leaders concentrate on building ain relationship, which is called nurturing behavior.Regulating Behavior A Leader engages in one-way communication , who gives effloresce instructions of root word roles and informs the group members what to do, where to do, and how to do, and closely supervises their activities and performance. Structure, Control, Supervise are t he even behavior of the leaders.Nurturing Behavior A Leader who engages in dual communication he who listens, provides support and encouragement, facilitates, interaction and involves the group in decision make. Praise, Listen, and Facilitate these are the regular behavior of the leaders Source (Pareek, 2007).Transformational versus Transactional leadershipAchieving the current objectives efficiently by helping the organization by clarifying the needs and desires of the employee is known as transactional leadership. This face of leadership behavior improves employees performance and satisfaction. The transactional leaders focus on running the organization smoothly and efficiently. The transactional leader creates a clear structure and clear instructions to his or her subordinates regarding their work and rewards subsequently. Punishment is understood since it is non mentioned .The discipline system is commonly in place. This type of leadership is a popular plan of attack with the approximately of the managers. Transformational leadership have the ability to change the visual sense, strategy and culture of the organization based on personal set, beliefs, and qualities, Transformational leadership enable the followers to bring forth leaders. Transformational leadership go beyond the immediate task that is the functions build the competencies of individuals and group and enable them to achieve targets that the organization or the individual would have not anticipate to achieve. Transformational leadership change the organizations strategies and culture so they are successful with the surrounding environment, they are the changed agents who show the direction to the employees to a new set of organizational values and behaviors. Empowering, risk taking clarity of mission, team building, equanimity, and evolving trust are few of the characteristics of transformational leaders Source (Theory of Transformational LeadershipRedux, Winter 1995).Transformation al versus charismatic leadershipMany researches do target that the two types of leadership as essentially equivalent, some others theorists say they are distinct and few other scholars say charismatic leadership is an ingredient of transformational leadership or charismatic leadership is the highest degree of transformational leadership. The third group of scholars separate charismatic leadership from transformational leadership. They say charisma is a personal trait denotative power over followers, whereas transformational leadership is a set of behaviors that people use to lead the change process. Transformational leadership enables the followers to become leaders. Charismatic leaders are also known as heroic leaders by some of the research they build allegiance in followers but do not necessarily change the organization. They use the power to serve others, they consider and learn from criticism and also they encourage followers to question leaders view. In umteen theories the leadership behaviors of charismatic and transformational leadership appear to be similar with very few important differences is evident as well. Transformational leaders allow for be doing hemorrhoid of work which will make the employees more dependent on the leaders such as developing followers skill and self-confident, giving information to medium information and decentralizing the authorities. Transformational leaders at any level in any organization can easily be determined according to bass voice since this type of leadership is globally relevant for very situation. Charismatic leaders are more proactive, do more things that creates an image of extraordinary competence for the leaders such as restricting information, risk taking and unconventional behavior. Charismatic leaders are rare, and appear to be more dependent only on favorable conditions in an organization and these leaders are very common for new organizations as visionary entrepreneurs or reformers. Charismatic lea ders are commonly more extreme Source (House, et al., 1994), (Avolio, et al., 1985).Distinguishing characteristics of charismatic and Non charismatic LeadersNon Charismatic LeadersCharismatic LeadersLikablenessLikable leaders have shared postIdealized Vision and an honorable hero makes leader liable.TrustworthinessDisinterested advocacy in persuasion attempts.Leaders are passionate advocacy by taking personal risk.Relation to status quoStatus quo is being maintained.Change of atmosphere is being created.Future GoalsGoals are limited with very few unfitting from status quo.Vision of Idea which is highly discrepant from status quo.ArticulationArticulation is weak in goals and motivation to lead.Motivation to lead and articulation of vision is very strong.CompetenceTo achieve goals within framework of existing order with available means.Unconventional means is used to transcend the existing order.Behavior stuffyUnconventionalSource Conger, et al., 1998Characteristics of Three Styles of LeadershipAuthoritarian or AutocraticThis style is used when leaders take decisions from their position, suppress of rewards and coercion. The autocratic leaders group performance is al most(prenominal) good since they are characterized by positive feelings. This type of style can be used when you have all the information to form problem, you are short on time, and your employees are well motivated. From the experiments of Lewis et al. it was found that this style resulted in very high level of discontent. Some leaders tend to speak out of this style as a tool for abusing, using unprofessional language, and leading by threats and abusing their power. This is not the authoritarian style, bossing people around. It has no place in a leaders repertoire. The authoritarian style should only be used occasions Source (Patterns of Aggressive Behavior in Experimentally Created Social Climates, 1939).Participative (Democratic)Democratic leader involve their people (one or more employees ) in decision making (determining what to do and how to do it) encourages participation and depends on subordinates respect for influence, this style of leadership partly relieves the reason for empowerment of employees. The group members of a democratic leader perform well even when the leader is absent. However, the leader maintains the final decision making authority. Employees usually like democratic decision making, it is a sign of strength that your employees will respect. Democratic leadership however will find it difficult when options differ and it will difficult to arrive at a final decision. By this style is of mutual understanding it allows the employees to become part of the team and allows the leader to make break in decisions Source (Field Theory and Experiment in Social Psychology Concepts and Method, 1939).Laissez-faireIn this style, the leader has a minimum involvement in decision making the leader allows the employees to make the decisions. However, the leader is still responsible for the decisions that are made. This is successful when the employees are able to analyze the situation and determine what needs to be do and how to do it, and where there is no requirement for a centralized coordination. This is not a style to use so that you can blame others when things go wrong, kind of this is a style to be used when you fully trust and confidence in the people below you. It was discovered by Lewin et al. that the democratic style was the most effective style of leadership. A good leader uses all three styles, depending on what forces are involved between the followers, the leader, and the situation. Some examples include, using an authoritarian style on a new employee who is just learning the job. The leader is competent and a good coach. The employee is motivated to learn a new skill. The situation is a new environment for the employee. The leader knows the problem, but does not have all the information. The employees know their jobs an d want to become part of the team. You cannot do everything and the employee needs to take self-control of her job In addition, this allows you to be at other places, doing other things Source (Pareek, 2007).The Impact of Leadership in OrganizationsThe leadership has the ability to motivate and influence other leaders and the employees to achieve organizational goals through process of change. So are all the leaders are good and effective? Should all the organizations adopt a single approach to leadership? To analysis this leadership there is three types, which are individual leadership, group leadership and organizational leadership. Each of these types of leadership has a tremendous impact on how leaders are classified and viewed. The leadership theories revolve around describing traits of a leader, however, however the modern theories have tried to explain the impact through behavioral approaches. Motivation and process theories were later developed to determine the relationship and affect a leader had on the individual and group within an organization.Training has development has been a prominent development in the world of Organizational Behavior (OB) as organizations sought innovative methods for feedback and to regenerate their culture. This type of practiced has positively affected many organizations, the short-term results of coaching has given insight view of level 3 leadership which has been incorporated by both(prenominal) transactional and transformational leadership styles, however for organizations to achieve prominence and market share in their respective industry further development of leaders to a Level 5 leadership style was required.As the hierarchy in leadership position, power, control and achievement grew with the leaders success, some well known companies such as GE under the leadership of Jack Welch found themselves in the search of true leaders. It will be demonstrated that although such a leader may be detrimental to the organizati on, narcissistic leaders have also proven vital to the revival of these same organizations.Future planning is very important in the long-term growth of an organization in order to retain and attract the new leaders of tomorrow. Organizations need to be constant in terms of direction and control an effective leader has influenced in the past, and effective planning for the future leaders to continue the successful organization. The ever growing challenges that leaders face in the ever-changing environment and coping with such difficult tasks such as interface management, change management, knowledge management and group dynamics within projects has been a task to balance and overcome. An effective leader increases the positive emotions within their organizations, they choose to do so a clear and compelling vision, but also have fertile personal humility and an intense professional will Source (Sturek, 2005).ConclusionsLeadership is a complex concept that has clearly demonstrated th at developmental style is the most desirable style and it is associated with creation of empowerment, growth, learning, morale and satisfaction on the part of the employees. In Common terms this style creates resonance while the critical humor creates dissonance. In future the leadership programs should concentrate on the developmental style as a desirable style. This results in indicating the potential of all the situations chosen in predicting the leadership style. The style of leadership gets noticed consistently in most of the situation. Leadership style based feedback should perhaps focus on this in future.

Ryanair: Performance Objectives

Ryanair Performance ObjectivesRyanairs five performance objectives to maintain or ultimately increase Ryanairs competitiveness, it is utilitarian to analyse its operations with the help of five performance objectivesQuality In the long run, even the most competitive price structure will non attract customers if the quality of the return offered is below a certain standard. This includes maintenance, efficient booking and luggage handling, reliability, punctuality, and interaction with Ryanair staff.Speed The areas where speed matters most for Ryanair are regress time of aircrafts, reservations, luggage handling, and aircraft maintenance, all of which have a direct impact on exists. Although Ryanair has implemented many steps to increase speed, it also depends on service providers that are not directly under its control.Dependability This compares real favourably with challengers, where punctuality is similar, but the missed bag/passenger ratio is orders of magnitude higher. Thi s refined record has to do with the fact that Ryanair offers only point-to-point flights, thereby eliminating the risk of luggage mismanagement during connecting flights.Flexibility Customers have a high degree of flexibility in choosing the level of service, since only the basic airfare is charged and any additional services must be paid for. Increasing flexibility for the customer would mean offer additional options. From Ryanairs perspective, flexibility comes with diversification of supplementary services on the one hand, and, with increasing market strength, the ability to negotiate alternatives for various service sectors, such as maintenance agreements, outsourced functions, etc.Cost The fuel price is one of the direct appeals for any airline operations. There are enormous fluctuations, and, unlike its competitors, Ryanair has connected to a policy of not imposing fuel surcharges. Therefore, the fuel price become fluctuations and Ryanair takes consider of that action. As a result, Ryanair reported its first annual sledding in 2009 when oil prices were at a record high. (BBC Online News, 21 June 2009)International CompetitionRyanair is one of the most successful low cost carriers in Europe. The phenomenon dodging for long-term sustainable which Ryanair has developed from Southwest airlines is cut-cost to throw out in high profitable in market share. According to Gillen and Lall (2004) stated that Ryanair has taken step however of Southwest operational, therefore, Ryanair has strongly and clearly position regarding to the airline does not offer any frills such as, no providing service, no ticket, no connection, no travel agents, no frequent flyer programme as well as food and beverages are sell on board. However, Ryanair can keep the cost low and gain more profit by setting the cheaper fares to customer regarding to increase the cash flow. In addition, according to the economic crisis and the fuel price has been increased, it effected to all airl ines industry. However, it seems not really effected to Ryanair. ground on that, in 2009, Ryanair has aggressively discounted fares to increase the pressure on its competitors and increase the cash flow. (Euromonitor International 2010) Neverthe little, Ryanair has been very tactical and acted very quickly to get advantage out of the competitors. Moreover, the competitors of Ryanair, for example, in Western Europe are mostly the schedule airlines such as, Lufthansa, Air France-KLM Group, British Airways, and Easyjet. Therefore, Easyjet is the direct competitor of Ryanair. Furthermore, the competitors in Eastern Europe are mainly budget airlines such as, Wizz Air (Hungarian airlines) as well as the schedule airlines Aeroflot (Russian airlines), LOT (Polish airlines) and, CSA (Czech airlines). In this case, Ryanair deal to increase the traffic to compete with cometitors by operate more routes. However, the competitive advantage of Ryanair that helped Ryanair to maximine growth which require the location advantage by using the auxiliary airports that located not far away from the city. For example, Gillen and Lall (2004) stated that at Hahn airport near Frankfurt, the number of passengers increased from 450,000 in 2001 to 1.5 million in 2002, due to Ryanair suffice that airport. Easyjet tend to have the same direction, however, Ryanair negotiation with secondary airports, often located in economically depressed areas, Ryanair bargained hard for low fees compare to EasyJet. On the otherwise hand, Gillen and Lall (2004) stated that EasyJet is not entirely secondary airport based and so it does seek to attract some business customers. Based on that, Easyjet has more cost regarding to the airport fees. In addition, one of the advantages of Ryanair is rapid turnaround time than other airlines. According to (Barret 2004) stated that the shorter turnaround times permit more journeys per plane which, couple with the higher seat density of Ryanair planes, generate l ower seat mile costs. Based on that, Ryanair planes are mostly flying and it savings more cost of the airport fees in term of the landing charge. According to Ryanair report (2010), Ryanair received award of being punctual and less in baggage lost Based on the short-haul point to point routing, hence, (Barret 2004) stated that the punctuality performance of Ryanair is high, therefore, the candid point to point is not delayed the passenger and check-in is quicker because is less complex than an interline one. According to table 1, staff of Ryanairs were non union, (Vlaar et al. 2005) stated that the consequence is flexible workforces enable low-cost airlines to fly and support each aircraft with only eighty workers, compared to the employees that postulate by traditional network carrier. For instant, Ryanair focus on the tight cost control measures. Pilots and cabin crew received lower salaries than other industries, however, the employees received strong variable compensation suc h as, the commissions on on-board sales. (ibid)Table 1. Some distinctive features of Ryanairs business modelChoice ConsequenceSecondary airports Low airport fees low ticket price Large volumeLow commissions to travel agents Low costStandardized fleet of 737s Bargaining power with suppliersSingle-class Economies of scaleHigh-powered incentives delineate combative teamNo meal Faster turnaroundNothing free Additional revenueSpartan headquatres Low fixed costNo unions Flexibility in rostering staffSource Casadesus-Masanell R, and Ricart J E, 2010 cited from Strategy to Business Models to TacticsAs a result, (Vlaar et al. 2005) conclude that Ryanairs business model is a simple product, low operating cost, and differential positioning which they focused on leisure, VFS (visiting friends and relative). Based on that, the value proposition is good fit with these customer segments. More importantly, (Casadesus-Masanell and Ricart 2010) concluded that Ryanair plan of action create a unique and valuable position by engaging in a new set of activities. Based on that, Ryanair found the way to operate the company more efficiency amongst the competitors by create the value for their stakeholders.International emerging marketsThe Ansoff product-market expansion grid is useful for Ryanair to construe and identify market opportunities. Therefore, Ryanair establishing a partnership with Wizz Air, it helps company penetrate non-EU markets, synergies can benefit in both party. Regarding to, the market development Ryanair striving to target in business travellers by offering them more benefits such as refundable tickets in terms of more flexible. Moreover, Ryanair consider of the product development by plan to unmortgaged the new route to US for long-haul, with flight tickets starting at EUR10 according to the Open Skies Agreement between the EU and the US. Based on that, Ryanair could attract more young generation travellers who has low income but would love to exper ience in Hollywood place.

Being Raised by Grandparents Essay -- Family Grandmother Grandfather

He is the lightkeeperhe keeps the light for meextra beamssafety deposited inside a microfoldsomewheresomewhere surreptitious somewhere insidethose pretty hands--Finney, The LightkeeperIs Nikky Finneys meter The Lightkeeper about her dad or someone else? Many people have different opinions on who her poem is about, but when I read it, I imagine the lightkeeper to be my grandfather, even though my family is your basic Cleaver family. My p arents are subdued happily married after their twenty dollar bill-fifth wedding anniversary. They both own their own successful businesses and have two children who are now in college. We also have the spoiled blackguard that everyone probably likes better than any different member of the family. Anyone observing my family would probably guess that my parents taught me everything that there is to know and that they shaped me into the person that I am today.They would be wrong. My parents had to work long hours when I was little to make our family and left me under my grandparents care every day of the week. My grandfather was actually the person that shaped me into who I am. I now believe that grandparents often have a much larger impact on a childs life than parents could ever have. Parents today are having to work more and harder to be able to provide for their families. Children are often left at day care centersor with grandparents. Over the past twenty years, increased attention has been given to the importance of grandparenthood (Chalfie 32). Higher divorce rates and an increase in both parents working full time has caused more grandparents, and other relatives, to take over the primary care of the child (Newman 201). This new found emphasis is the result of longer life spans adults are li... ...t I can still feel it now, even ten years after his death. All grandparents are not what my grandpa was, I know this. But, if they could be, or had the chance to be, what a terrific thing that would be for every child to expe rience.All I hope is that one day my dad will be to my children what my grandpa was to me.Works CitedChalfie, Denise. Going it alone A Closer Look at Grandparents Parenting Grandchildren Pamphlet. Washington, D.C. American Association of Retired Persons, 1994.Doucette-Dudman, David. Raising Our Childrens Children. Minneapolis, MN Fairview Press, 1996.Finney, Nikky. Rice. Ontario, Canada Sister Vision Black Women and Women of Colour Press, 1995.Kornhaber, Ann. Contemporary Grandparenting. Newbury Park, CA Sage, 1996.Newman, David. Exploring the architecture of Everyday Life. Thousand Oaks, CA Pine Forge Press, 1997.

Cycle of Life Explained in A Vision :: Vision Essays

Cycle of Life Explained in A reverie William Butler Yeats accomplishments as a writer argon varied. From his in depth and philosophical poetry to his alarming and enlightening A Vision, his work has been widely read by English scholars and religious philosophers. Although A Vision is extremely hard to understand completely, Yeats overall concept is easy to fathom. What happens where Christianity leaves off? What is the cycle of life, and where does time begin and end? These are all questions that mankind has continually asked since the beginning of recorded time. The how and why of life and death has intrigued mankind for thousands of years. Always wanting to know more has been the motivating force in the lives of many vast philosophers and thinkers since Plato and Aristotle. Yeats, like his predecessors, tries to answer these questions in A Vision. Through the use of the gyres and the notion that time and the elements of time are forever, Yeats successfully conveys his beliefs on the principles and details of life and death in relation to the ultimate whole of the universe. The cycle of life is explained in excruciating detail, making total comprehension tedious. However, a close look at Yeats and some of his other writings enables the reader to better understand exactly what Yeats tries to say in A Vision. Simplifying A Vision is no easy task. Yeats himself was a complex man with intricate and different ideas on the existence of man. He was born in Sandymount in 1865 while he was raised in London, capital of Ireland and Sligo. In 1884 Yeats studied painting in Dublin for three years before moving to England to pursue a literary career. He married George Hyde Lees in 1917 after having been in love with the Irish patriot Maude Gonne for over thirteen years. After her marriage to another Irish political leader, Yeats finally admitted defeat in love and turned his full attention to his work (English Literature, 641). During this tim e, Yeats was involved in the Irish National Movement which sought to free Ireland from Englands rule. Before his involvement in politics, Yeats founded the Irish Literary Society in 1892. In addition, he founded the Irish National Theatre Society where he wrote several plays based on Irish legends.

Women and Education Essay -- Educating Female History Argumentative Es

Women and EducationAn education holds signifi stackce to many people for a variety of reasons. For some, it may be the route to a desired career or just the next step after high school. For others, attending a university is a way to subjoin their awareness of other viewpoints through the exposure to the diverse culture represented on a campus. In evaluating the value and significance of my own education, I reflected on the education of the women of the 19th century. Their outlook on education is somewhat different than ours today because of the fact that it was difficult and rare to be an educated woman during this period. right away we posses the freedom to pursue almost any field available. However, in some instances we face lower salaries and in some cases less respect than men with the homogeneous training. Only 16% of college and university presidents and 25% of chief academic officers are women. Chief business officers are 13% women. We must educate and prove oursel ves so that our daughters screw greater opportunities than we do as we experienced more than our ancestors because of their hard work. The female gender throughout early history has been characterized as a homekeeper. They were not the scraping bearers of the family partially because work was dominated by manual labor. Men were naturally more suited to these jobs due to their superior strength. As time progressed, business progressed. A successful business began to rely on brain power instead of muscle power. Women can participate in this type of work just as efficiently as men. Unfortunately, many of the men and women of this period were reluctant to change the long tradition of women remaining in the home. Therefore, the development of womens le... ... with expressions of deference dapple the avenues to which stand ever wide open, yawning like the gates of hell. To be forced into a day to day activity devoid of you interest is exchangeable to a prison sentence. The frustration of possessing passion for something unreachable fueled the rebellion of the women insisting on making education available. Through my research into the history of underdeveloped education for women and making it acceptable, I have come to appreciate it on a different level. My education is not only a result of my hours of studying, notwithstanding of the people throughout many decades who suffered without the same opportunities I have and faced constant criticisms to do what they choose. What I take away from this university is one of the only things you can count on, knowledge. Knowledge that allows me the freedom to do whatever I choose in life.