“Kuso Culture Can Positively Uplift the Political Participation of Adolescents.” to What Extent Do You Agree with the Above Statement?

â€Å"Kuso culture can positively uplift the political participation of adolescents. † To what extent do you agree with the above statement? With references to the above sources and your own knowledge, explain your answer. To a large extent, I agree that â€Å"kuso culture† can positively uplift the political participation of adolescents. â€Å"Kuso culture† refers to people reorganizing other people’s cultural products with creativity, creating works that are humorous and sarcastic. Most of the â€Å"kuso culture† is pictures or photos. Adolescents can freely express their views on political events.They are the â€Å"second making† of the original pictures, and some of them are just for fun. But most of them reflect the problems or policies that we are facing. For example, when the Chief Executive of Hong Kong was still in the voting period, Harry Tang was discovered that he is telling lies. He built underground Unauthorized Building Works i n his house. It is illegal. After this news published, many people started their â€Å"kuso culture†. They made pictures to satirize Harry Tang. Making ironic pictures about Harry Tang is also one of the political participations. It can let adolescents care more about policies by â€Å"kuso† pictures.Nowadays, adolescents love surfing the Internet. â€Å"Kuso culture† can be easily found on the Internet. Due to it, it is not hard to let adolescents keep in touch with the political participation. Adolescents like watching humorous pictures or video. â€Å"Kuso culture’s† pictures are humorous and easy to remember. It is also the reason why â€Å"kuso culture† is popular and adolescents would like to gain more interests in the â€Å"kuso pictures†. â€Å"Kuso culture† is like comic books. There are full of pictures with funny charters and actions. But the difference between them is the meaning of the pictures.Comic books may not meaningful but â€Å"kuso pictures† are mostly with meaning. They remind people what happened or released in that period of time. For example, iPhone 5 was released in 2012. Many people think it was just a taller version of iPhone 4S, so they make â€Å"kuso† picture of â€Å"iPhone 10†, which is more like a laser sword. It is one of the examples that â€Å"kuso pictures† tell people what was released nowadays. There are also examples of â€Å"kuso culture† about policies in Hong Kong. For example, there is a picture that has two faces — James Holmes and Barack Obama (See figure 1).It was shown that James killed 12 people, everyone freaks out. But Obama killed thousands with his foreign policy, he won Nobel Peace prize. It shows that people care about policies of their government in every country or city. Figure 1 In conclusion, as â€Å"kuso culture† is one of the political participations in order to telling people the policies of th eir government and it is easy to find on the Internet, adolescents can easily get it and read it. It will directly uplift the political participation of adolescents. Therefore, to a large extent, I agree that â€Å"kuso culture can positively uplift the political participation of adolescents.

Unethical Behavior in Forensic Science

The acquittal of Peter Nickel in February of 2004 from assertions that he was responsible for the death of his long-time employee Gary Rowley in a major car accident was a   when Nickel’s Defense lawyer, Gary M. Wilson, accuses the Detroit police of tempering evidence.Crowley was said to be on the driver’s seat while Nickel was at the truck’s cargo bed. A faulty roadway and a blown-up tire was said to be the major cause for the accident as Cowley was thrown off the truck and was pinned under the truck’s cargo bed when it veered off the road, rolled over and hit a telephone pole.Both victims were said to have been intoxicated prior to the accident but accusations on Nickel’s intentional involvement in the incident was put into question when Wilson argued that the police had switched the original blown-up tire to conceal evidence and obtain conviction.Mr. Wilson’s allegations were later found to be true when a sheriff deputy admitted to have made the switch. Automotive forensic scientist, Sal Fariello, gave his expert opinion on the case, testifying that most DUI crashes cannot be convicted by mere alcohol intoxication alone since most accidents would have happened anyway even if the persons involved were sober.There seems to be rampant cases involving incompetent law enforcers and investigators who tamper with evidences in order to easily solve the case and move on to another. The case exemplified here is a classic scenario of intentional tampering of evidence and authorities should consider how to contain and prevent such mistakes from recurring in crime scenes.Reference:Responsibility in DUI Laws, Inc. (2004, February 13). Police Evidence Tampering in High Profile DUI Vehicle Homicide Case. Retrieved April 19, 2009, from http://www.ridl.us/articles/policeTampering.html.

Charles by Shirley Jackson Analysis Essay

Laurie creates an alter ego named â€Å"Charles† and uses him to take all the flaws that Laurie has in kindergarten. 2. a) The underlying message, central idea, or moral discussed in a story. b) The story teaches us that something can be going on and we may not even notice it. The mother refuses to look at what is right under her nose, for trepidation of realizing something that she doesn’t want to see- her dear, naà ¯ve little boy causing serious trouble. She adored listening to the stories her son would tell her about â€Å"Charles†. In fact, she couldn’t wait for Laurie to get home from school so she could hear them. All the while Laurie was misbehaving at home. Instead, she would relatively think that it is another little boy named Charles. Another minor theme can be: if you lie then you will in time get caught red-handed. 3. â€Å"The teacher spanked a boy, though †¦ For being fresh† (pg 8) was Laurie’s replay to his mother asking him what happened in school. When I reread this I thought that this was where Laurie decided to put on his act. Another foreshadowing example was the unusual way Laurie kept on taking about â€Å"Charles†. Another observation I made was about Laurie’s behavior. His mother also notes changes in his behavior: he no longer waves goodbye to her, slams the door when he comes home and speaks insolently to his father. Since they adore their son, his parents believe all he has to say, and this belief stops them from seeing that what he says is not the full truth. 4. When the mother discovers at the end of the story that there is no child named Charles in the class and that it is Laurie who has had trouble bending into kindergarten and has done all the bad things he credited to Charles, the reader no less than the mother is surprised. The mother’s reaction would be quite embarrassed since she is the mother of ‘Charles’. Laurie creates a double of him to do â€Å"bad† so that he might stay good in the eyes of his parents. Loving but narrow-minded, the parents do not get involved. I think after realizing that Charles is indeed Laurie, this might affect the way his parents treat him from now on. Not only that, but I think their attitude towards their own unobservant behavior might change as well. 5. This story made me think of when I was younger and the kids who acted this way to get attention from their parents. This story shows the ways children invent shadow figures as a means of confronting problematic feelings while forming their identities. I know that a lot of young children are clever enough to do a lot of things, and some times they go unnoticed, like Laurie’s travesty. In Laurie’s example mentioning Charles so much, the family’s bound to make Charlie a part of daily conversation. Why was Laurie hinting to his parents instead of coming right out and telling them? Was it because he wants his parents to shape it out on their own little heads? I too indeed might’ve lied a couple of times as of way of being included and known. Although my parents were observant and I was quick to learn that it’s not good to lie. 6. Verbal irony – contrast between what is said and what is meant. In other words, sarcasm. Dramatic irony –between what the character thinks to be true and what we (the reader) know to be true. For example: In City Lights the audience knows that Charlie Chaplin’s character is not a millionaire, but the blind flower girl (Virginia Cherrill) is unaware and believes he’s rich. Situational irony – a certain fact is perhaps highlighted by an event that is in contrast to that fact. For example: An old man turned ninety-eight. He won the lottery and died the next day. 7. The point at which we the readers realize that Laurie is tricking his parents and from then on we also know— or suspect — more than the narrator about his misbehaving and amused the mothers lack of observance is an example of dramatic irony. Parents, by definition are thought to be mentally advanced than their children (when they are at such a young age such as Laurie) but are outsmarted by the imagination and creativity of a clever little nipper.

If you had a second chance- The opportunity to do something over and Essay

If you had a second chance- The opportunity to do something over and do it differently- what would you choose to do over and wha - Essay Example If I would be granted an opportunity, I would wish to opt for the profession of medicine and to enter this field not for my own good but for the greater good. The professional career of a doctor revolves around the serving of the health of individuals and therefore to work towards the betterment of other people. It is a profession of dignity where an individual sacrifices his own personal luxuries for the sake of ensuring the quality of life of other individuals. A doctor works full time in the health care settings and his duty is the top most priority for him. Doctors are important parts of the medical teams that are required for emergency setups for disaster management. My inspiration for the profession increased following the work of the doctors for humanitarian relief in the disasters particularly the earthquake that hit Haiti. The way the doctors left the comforts of their home to move to an area where they might not even have access to clean water was really an impressive act. I would have opted for this profession for the greater good and for the purpose of serving humanity. It would have provided me with inner satisfaction.

Eassy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Eassy - Essay Example For instance, minority groups in American society have less degree of trust in the health system, which in turn affects how much information they give to nurses. Very young patients might not be fully aware of their clinical conditions. Old people might have had enough experience with nurses due to long-term health conditions. Young people may hide particular information that they believe will compromise their relationships. Old patients may not have confidence in very young nurses. All these factors influence assessment and interview techniques (Thomas 204). On the other hand, nurse’s assessment and interview techniques are influence by many factors. According to Sadock et al (5), each nurse is characterized by a set of cultural and health beliefs developed in life and professional training. Therefore, their assessment and interpretation of patient’s information follows those beliefs. Moreover, a nurse’ experience may depend on age and therefore ability to effectively manipulate interview techniques depend on age too. Age difference may also affect the techniques used by nurses for patient interview. For instance, a young fresh nurse may need to work extra hard to win trust and confidence of her patients. Nevertheless, nurses have the primary role of understanding these factors in order to expedite their duties effectively (Cleary et al 1). Michelle, Cleary. Factors influencing nurse–patient interaction in the acute psychiatric setting: An exploratory investigation. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Mental Health Nursing, Volume 8,  Issue 3,  pages 109–116,  September 1999.

History of german from 1933-1945 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History of german from 1933-1945 - Assignment Example This victory made Hitler to conclude that he could get off scot-free with harsher actions since he considered Britain and France to be weak. Hitler’s alliance with Mussolini grew stronger and known as the Rome-Berlin Axis (Tonge, no.page). They wanted to pursue united foreign policy. They ended up signing â€Å"The Pact of Steel† in 1939 in order to bring to a standstill the increase of communism in Europe. The Munich agreement also known as Appeasement policy was a strategy formulated in the Munich conference in 1938, which caused other leaders to give into Hitler’s logical demands in order to put off war. This agreement widely accepted in Britain during the period of 1938. Hitler proposed that the Hossbach conference was vital and that if he passed away the proceedings would be his last will and testament. The Hossbach conference’s main aim was ensure that the Germany policy protects and safeguards the racial society and broadens it. In addition Hitler d ealt with the forms of implementation of this policy. Hitler pointed out that after the 1943-1945 phase, German aspirations would not be approved in the International circumstances; therefore, the reorganization and equipping of the German’s armed forces was necessary if it wasn’t up for being phased out (Chapter 6: The Causes of World War II in Europe: Hitler’s War, 118, par 1). In addition, the consideration of weakening nations such as France through the emergence of domestic wars with other nations, as well as the need for Germany to grab hold of new territories such as the Czechoslovakia and Austria, was another vital goal of the conference. Another feature of the conference was the strategizing of the German’s defence (Chapter 6: The Causes of World War II in Europe: Hitler’s War, 118, par 1). The Munich Agreement came into being due to Hitler wish to take over his birth country, Austria, and bring it under the German control. This siege was at first resisted in 1934, though the Nazi party and many people Austria were in favor of the union. The German’s authority broadened in Austria by 1938 (Tonge, no.page). In 1938, the Austrian prime minister, Schuschnigg was forced by Hitler to position Austrian Nazis into the government. The prime minister resisted by forming a referendum against the spread of German influence, but failed. Eventually, Austria incorporated into the Reich as the province of Ostmark marked the event as the Anschluss (Tonge, no.page). Since the British and French did not oppose this move by the Germans, then Appeasement policy became a strategy, which caused other leaders to give into Hitler’s logical demands in order to put off war. This agreement widely accepted in Britain during the period of 1938 (Tonge, no.page). 4) Overview: The Czechoslovakia invasion by the German in March 1939 began when Hitler in pursuit of the long-term goals of his foreign policy, he destabilized the peace of Europe by systematically amending the terms and conditions provided in the Treaty of Versailles (Chapter 6: The Causes of World War II in Europe: Hitler’s War, 119, par 2). Hitler planned to invade Sudetenland. Edvard Benes, the Czechoslovakian leader, learning the plan,

The Vietnam War Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

The Vietnam War - Essay Example The Vietnam War was the long-drawn-out clash between pro-self-government forces endeavoring to amalgamate the nation of Vietnam under a communist administration and the United States, with the assistance of the Southern Vietnamese, struggling to thwart the blowout of communism. Involved in a conflict that many regarded as having no way for victory, U.S. leaders suffered the loss of the American community's cooperation for the war. From the time when the war ended, the Vietnam War has turned out to be a point of reference for what one should not do in all forthcoming U.S. external battles. The Vietnam War was an era during the Cold War period of great military divergence that happened in Vietnam, Cambodia and Laos and lasted from 1955 to the plummet of Saigon in 1975. This war came after the First Indochina War. It was a fight between North Vietnam, reinforced by its communist allies, and the administration of South Vietnam, where the United States and other anti-communist nations reinforced it. Like many wars fought during this time, the reason for it was mainly the division of a desire for communism, and the desire for democracy. It was known to be a war much â€Å"tougher than-and different from-World War II and Korea.† The foremost military establishments tangled in the conflict were the Army of the Republic of Vietnam, also known as ARVN and the U.S. military on one side, and the Vietnam People's Army or VPA also known as the North Vietnamese Army or NVA), and the Viet Cong, or National Front for the Liberation of South Vietnam (NLF), a communist paramilitary group in South Vietnam, on the other side. There had been a lot of hostility in Vietnam for a long period of time before the Vietnam War started. The Vietnamese people had undergone suffering from the French colonial ruling for almost sixty long years when eventually, Japan conquered parts of Vietnam in 1940. It was a year later when Vietnam had two external supremacies dominating them, that communist Vietnamese avant-garde leader Ho Chi Minh came to Vietnam in return after expending roughly three decades travelling the world. Once Ho Chi Minh was now back in Vietnam, he started centers of operations in a cave in the northern part of Vietnam and founded the Viet Minh, whose purpose was to divest Vietnam from the Japanese and French inhabitants. Having increased support for their goal in Northern Vietnam, the Viet Minh proclaimed the formation of a self-governing Vietnam with a new administration named the Democratic Republic of Vietnam in the September of 1945. However, the French colonists were not disposed to hand over the ir colony so effortlessly and fought back. For many years, Ho Chi Minh had endeavored to ingratiate the United States to back him up as opposed to the French, such as supplying the United States with military intellect concerning the Japanese throughout World War II. Notwithstanding this assistance, the United States was completely devoted to their Cold War external policy of suppression, which meant averting the increasing spread of Communism. Ho Chi Minh, aware of this, did not want to draw the United States into the conflict. The Americans, though, could not allow their client state to fall and the road to war began. (Wiest 16) The â€Å"domino theory† of the United States, which specified that if one nation in

Essentials of Customer Service Improvement for Leisure Customers Dissertation

Essentials of Customer Service Improvement for Leisure Customers - Dissertation Example Managers are an important part of the hotel industry, especially food managers; they are essential for improvement in their relevant field. Their suggestions should be considered and implemented if possible as they are very much related and close to the task. We looked at latest technologies such as the internet and email, and suggestions of getting the advantage of these prevalent technologies will be provided to the leisure customer for earning more profit and giving them extra ordinary service all times, so that retention of old customer may be possible as the retention is more important then acquiring new customers.   The future of the hotel industry customers and how the luxury hotels can improve their customers will also be reviewed in the paper. With the help of good customer service we can boom up hotel business, as this business is client based business that grows steadily. If good service is not adopted it may provide harm to the business to the extent. Good customer serv ice has effects on the hotel business; we do not need the help/services of mathematician to judge the impact of good service on the hotel business. Suppose if some clients have positive experience in terms of customer service in a hotel, they will talk about their experience and praise the services of the hotel, which will work as mouth advertisement for the hotel reputation and goodwill.   The use of words please, thank you with a smile on your face will make the customer happy which he will tell to his family members and friends.

Sport injuries (athletes) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sport injuries (athletes) - Research Paper Example For better understanding of the rise of the sports related injuries, a graph has been mentioned that shows the difference between the numbers of sports injuries recently compared to 2004. Finally the research paper has been concluded by proving the thesis statement mentioned in the introduction. Sports injuries have been very common during athletic activities. Sport injuries can occur as a result of acute trauma or from overuse of a body part. Traumatic injuries generally occur as a result of high contact sports, such as football, rugby, ice hockey, American football etc. Collisions with other players and ground objects can lead to unexpected dynamic forces on joints and limbs, which can result in occurrence of injury on a single or multiple body parts. Strain, sprain, contusion, bone fracture, wound, spinal cord injury and head injuries are some common form of sports injury observed among the athletes and sports icons. Several prevention programs have been initiated by the sports authority in the modern world, in order to reduce the risks associated with injuries. This research paper illustrates the thesis statement. Sports injuries are very common symptom observed among athletes. In the year 1985, Ronnie Lott a famous NFL Football player misplaced one of his fingers as a result of a dangerous collision that occurred during the sport. Lott cut his finger off so that he could complete his sport season successfully. Super Bowl is an American sports event i.e. enjoyed by most of the people. American Super Bowl sometimes becomes very dangerous for players as it involves greater chances of accidents. In the year 1998, Terrell Davis a player from Denver Broncos got injured and fainted in the field while carrying the Super Bowl in his hand (Walker 72). This incident led to several complications and the player finally recovered completely after a good amount of time. Similar accidental case occurred in the soccer field and famous sportsman Anthony

Communication in Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Communication in Economics - Essay Example It is quite apparent that currencies and stock markets in emerging economies particularly in countries such as South Africa, India, Turkey and Indonesia among others got affected as several investors are starting to pull back their funds from the emerging economies due to financial fluctuations. According to the report, the US Federal Reserve has scaled back nearly US$85 billion from the developing nations during the period of August’ 2013 (Catan, Anand and Murphy, â€Å"In Turmoil, Emerging Markets Raise Rates†). It can be apparently observed in this recent times that India’s Rupee, Brazil’s Real, Turkey’s Lira and Indonesia’s Rupiah have fallen considerably against US Dollar. In this regard, the investors are presently hastening to purchase dollar because of the expectation that the US will start to cut the monetary stimulus. Due to this reason, emerging markets or economies are increasing the interest rates with the intention that this might assist in stanching the massive outflow of funds through making the assets of the developing nations more attractive especially for the investors (Akhtar, â€Å"Pressure Building on Emerging Markets†). Catan, Thomas, Shefali Anand and Tom Murphy. In Turmoil, Emerging Markets Raise Rates. The Wall Street Journal, 2013. Web. 01 Sep. 2013

INTERPOL etc. communications between international law enforcement Essay

INTERPOL etc. communications between international law enforcement agencies - Essay Example These law enforcement agencies are to some extent, geographically restricted in their ability to apply law enforcement powers. The LEA may be capable of applying its powers within a nation, for instance, the US Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives, or within a partition of a country, such as the Australian state's Queensland Police, or, across a group of nations, like global organizations such as the Interpol. These law enforcement agencies that operate across an assemblage of countries help out in law enforcement activities, rather than directly enforcing laws by smoothing the progress in the sharing of information necessary for law enforcement between other enforcement agencies within different countries. In the forefront of battling international criminal elements is the Interpol. Founded and established in Vienna, Austria in 1923, The International Criminal Police Commission works for the objective of instigating global collaboration of criminal police forces (Deflem, 2000, pp. 601-640). Essentially, the ICPC was instituted as an international cooperative set-up of national police organizations with systems for worldwide telegraphic and radio communications and a journal published on a regular basis which conveys significant information among its member-states. By 1940, the Commission embodied more than 40 states, which included many known European powers like France, Germany, and Italy as well as some non-European countries, such as Bolivia, Iran, and Cuba. Basically, the International Criminal Police Organization-Interpol is the only worldwide organization of its kind with 177 member nations of which the General Secretariat is located in Lyons, France. The most important task of Interpol is to prop up police forces and the services of its member countries in their effort to thwart crimes and to carry out criminal investigations as competently and successfully as possible. So as to provide this support to member countries, Interpol conducts all its activities within the following three fundamental functions (UN, 2006, PP. 2-4): Secure international police communications services The essential prerequisite for worldwide police collaboration is to enable police personnel to communicate with each other safely and in real time globally, So as to give the international law enforcement community the best channels of communication, Interpol has crafted and executed a high-tech, global communications structure, commonly dubbed as the I-24/7. It facilitates the transmission of significant data about individuals and crimes, including photographs, fingerprints and DNA profiles, to its member countries, in a safe method within a matter of seconds. Currently, 183 of its 184 member countries are connected to this system. Operational data services and databases Once law enforcers can communicate globally, they need access to information to aid in their investigations or to take the necessary steps to deter transgressions and felonies. Hence, Interpol developed and maintains an extensive array of global databases, covering major data like names of criminals and suspected individuals, search requests for wanted persons, fingerprints,

Carnival Cruise Lines Essay Example for Free

Carnival Cruise Lines Essay In the case of Kirby vs. Carnival, I hold Carnival Cruise Lines responsible for her injury. There are several reasons why, first the bartender is responsible for her overall consumptions of alcohol, there is a history of guests that have either fallen or jumped over board and finally there is the fact that carnival never took it upon themselves to call for air lift transportation to the nearest hospital. Bartenders at Carnival Cruise Lines rely on big tabs and tips to make their earnings. Since they need to build up their tabs, why not get an innocent guest just looking to have a good time – extremely intoxicated? I feel like the bartender encouraged the drinking by offering five-dollar certificates for the casino. The more she drank, the more free money for the casino she got. She was visibly drunk when she left the bar, the bartender should have asked a crewmember to escort her to her room and told her friend to keep an eye out for her as a simple standard of care. Carnival Cruise Line has a history of passengers falling off or jumping off their ships, about 30 incidents a year are reported. Some of those passengers have unfortunately passed away because of this. If Carnival Cruise Line knows this, then why don’t they go above and beyond for their own guest’s safety? They should have had more cameras, more detectors, and more employees that care enough about the passengers to not let them get so intoxicated. Finally, Carnival Cruise Line is negligent for not stopping immediately to rescue her. They left her in the middle of the sea for almost two hours. The longer you stay in the water, the worse your injuries get. When they finally get her back to ship, the independent contractor they hired as a doctor could not assist her since her injuries were of an emergency level. The only thing the doctor did was give her pain relief medicine, which of course will never work for these types of injuries. Also, Carnival Cruise Line should have air lifted her to the nearest capable medical facilities, even without her consent to pay. Carnival Cruise Line could have offered to pay for at least the air lifting services, it is the least they can do for her and her family after going through this entire trauma. In conclusion, I feel Carnival Cruise Line is guilty of standards of care and negligence on their part. They are the ones that in the industry, and should provide extreme safety procedures, especially after there is a history of passengers falling or jumping over board. Also the bartender is responsible for her overall consumptions of alcohol, particularly because Carnival Cruise Lines has total control of alcohol on their ships. They do not let guests bring their own alcohol; their consumption and alcohol intoxication solely rely on Carnival Cruise Lines to provide that for them. As a final point, Carnival Cruise Line never took it upon them to give her proper medical attention.

Damages to Mammalian Neural Activity Treatment

Damages to Mammalian Neural Activity Treatment Utilizing Prokaryotic Channels, Organic Biometric Neurons and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin to Reverse and Repair Damages to Mammalian Neural activity Stephen Shay Introduction One of the most detrimental conditions that a patient can acquire is damage to the nervous system. Major damages can include vascular disorders, congenital, degenerative disorders and trauma. These damages and disorders often involve abnormal neurochemical and electrical signaling (Purves et al. 2012). There are currently many treatments available for patients suffering damage to the nervous system. These possible treatments can range from surgery, physical therapy and medications for autoimmune diseases which can help a patient adapt to or possibly provide a small fix for their individual situation but the underlying problem may still subsist. The damages caused to mammalian axons in the central nervous system (CNS) fail to regenerate or repair after injury with issues such as traumatic brain injury (TBI) or demyelinating conditions such as multiple sclerosis (MS) leading to affected nerve fibers which will no longer work correctly as shown by Mierzwa et al. (2015). This can leave s ites of injury in patients unmanageable and without a clear path to recovery. To remedy this, a toolbox has been proposed utilizing a series of recent research. Nguyen et al. (2016) describe a method which would allow for direct enhancement of electrical excitability in human cells through the overexpression of voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSC). Simon et al. (2015) developed an organic electronic biometric neuron, which has the capacity to integrate within a malfunctioning signaling pathway. Lim et al. (2016) present that through stimulating neural activity and the cell-growth-promoting pathway of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) in mice which their visual neurons silenced would see RGC axons regenerated and re-innervated. Utilizing these tools; engineered prokaryotic channels to increase tissue excitability, organic electronic biomimetic neurons to mimic the function of physiological neurons and bridge the affected zone to the rest of the nervo us system, and utilizing visual neural stimulation along with activation of the mTOR pathway to stimulate axon regeneration, it opens up the possibility to reverse and repair conditions caused by damages and afflictions to the nervous system. Prokaryotic Channels Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are fundamental to cell-to-cell communication in the nervous system, and their loss of function can lead to a variety of different disorders (e.g. neuronal, cardiac and skeletal muscular). These VGSCs, in electrically excitable tissues, allow for the firing and spread of action potentials. Ren et al. (2001) along with Koshi et al. (2003) had provided novel insight into the structure and biophysical properties of VGSCs and a large bacterial family of VGSCs called BacNav. Utilizing this bacteria Nguyen et al. (2016) established a platform to enable stable conversion of primary human fibroblasts into action potential conducting cells which can slowly recover conduction in tissues with pathological conditions. Versatility was shown as Nguyen et al. with applying this technology to human ventricular fibroblasts (HVFs), human astrocytes (Has) and HECK293s into engineered electrically excitable cells (E-HVFs, E-HAs and E-HEK293s, respectively) (Nguyen e t al.). Though this study only focused on the alteration of specific amino acid residues in BacNav, E43 and D60, a variety of possible combinations can be explored to further expand the possibilities of this approach. Organic Biometric Neurons Currently most neurological therapies are based in and rely on medication and electrical stimulation. Larsen et al. (2013) presented how a newer class of technology called iontronics, which is based on polyelectrolytes and à Ã¢â€š ¬-conjugated semiconducting polymers, can work as organic electronic electrophoretic transport devices. Iontronics exhibit a unique combination of ionic and electronic properties, enabling transduction between electronic impulses and biochemical signals. Applying this, Simon et al. (2015) presented an organic electronic biomimetic neuron or artificial neuron with the hopes it can be used to restore use to malfunctioning signaling pathways. These artificial neurons are based on the basic chemical-electrical-chemical signal transduction like projected neurons use in communication with one another hoping to find a potential for long-range neuronal signaling. Simon et al. had concluded their results offered a novel means for auto-regulated neuromodulation bas ed on endogenous substances, enabling malfunctioning neuronal signaling pathways to be restored or augmented, thus returning the damaged area to a chemically and electrically balanced healthy state. The artificial neurons also present a conversion of glutamate-induced descending neuromuscular signals into acetylcholine-mediated muscular activation signals may be obtained, applicable for bridging injured sites and active prosthetics (Simon et al.). Neural Activity Combined with Activated Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Focusing on the eye-to-brain pathway which consists of RGC connections to subcortical targets [as] a widely used model for studying vertebrate CNS regeneration (Vidal-Sanz et al. 1987) (Park et al. 2008), Lim et al. (2016) shows how that the stimulation of RGC activity leading to their axons regeneration and by looking at axon damage in the CNS they observed avenues in which they can regenerate and restore correct connectivity patterns. Lim et al. had found that enhancing neural activity and mTOR signaling in RGCs, we observed long-distance, target-specific RGC axon regeneration in adult mice showing a mechanistic combination that can lead to axon regrowth and repair. This research may prove informative for devising treatments for the damaged visual system, spinal cord or other CNS regions in patients suffering from neurodegenerative diseases or physical trauma (Lim et al.). Proposed Method of Combination Therapy and its Prospect of Neuromodulation Through its Application/Discussion There are important functional implications for the anatomical regeneration of the different parts of the nervous system. Utilizing a combination of these tools that these research teams worked on, its possible to come up with a possible combination therapy to reverse or repair serious damages when it comes to the nervous system. A treatment involving these tools would be a personalized therapy requiring costume gene editing for the prokaryotic channels, specialized artificial neurons for the site of damage and while using out-patient or in-patient therapy to stimulate neural activity and enhance mTOR. If done together the possibility is open for neuronal regeneration and chemical and electric stabilization, for affected tissue and site of injury. References Koishi, R., Xu, H., Ren, D., Navarro, B., Spiller, B. W., Shi, Q., Clapham, D. E. (2003). A Superfamily of Voltage-gated Sodium Channels in Bacteria. Journal of BiologicalChemistry, 279(10), 9532-9538. doi:10.1074/jbc.m313100200 Larsson, K. C., Kjà ¤ll, P., Richter-Dahlfors, A. (2013). Organic bioelectronics for electronic-to chemical translation in modulation of neuronal signaling and machine-to-brain interfacing. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) General Subjects, 1830(9), 4334-4344. doi:10.1016/j.bbagen.2012.11.024 Lim, J. A., Stafford, B. K., Nguyen, P. L., Lien, B. V., Wang, C., Zukor, K., . . . Huberman, A. D. (2016). Neural activity promotes long-distance, target-specific regeneration of adult retinal axons. Nature Neuroscience, 19(8), 1073-1084. doi:10.1038/nn.4340 Mierzwa, A. J., Marion, C. M., Sullivan, G. M., Mcdaniel, D. P., Armstrong, R. C. (2015). Components of Myelin Damage and Repair in the Progression of White Matter Pathology After Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Neuropathology Experimental Neurology, 74(3), 218-232. doi:10.1097/nen.0000000000000165 Nguyen, H. X., Kirkton, R. D., Bursac, N. (2016). Engineering prokaryotic channels for control of mammalian tissue excitability. Nature Communications, 7, 13132. doi:10.1038/ncomms13132 Park, K. K., Liu, K., Hu, Y., Smith, P. D., Wang, C., Cai, B., . . . He, Z. (2008). Promoting Axon Regeneration in the Adult CNS by Modulation of the PTEN/mTOR Pathway. Science, 322(5903), 963-966. doi:10.1126/science.116156 Purves, D. et al. (2012). Neuroscience. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates. Ren, D. et al. (2001). A Prokaryotic Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel. Science, 294(5550), 2372-2375. doi:10.1126/science.1065635 Simon, D. T., Larsson, K. C., Nilsson, D., Burstrà ¶m, G., Galter, D., Berggren, M., Richter-Dahlfors, A. (2015). An organic electronic biomimetic neuron enables auto regulated neuromodulation. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 71, 359-364. doi:10.1016/j.bios.2015.04.058 Vidal-Sanz, M., Bray, G.M., Villegas-Pà ©rez, M.P., Thanos, S. Aguayo, A.J. (1987). Axonal regeneration and synapse formation in the superior colliculus by retinal ganglion cells in the adult rat. J.Neurosci. 7, 2894-2909.

Types of Computers: An Overview

Types of Computers: An Overview A computer is a programmable machine. It accepts information in the form of digitalized data and manipulates it for some result based on a program or sequence of instructions on how the data is to be processed. It consists of at least one processing element, typically a central processing unit (CPU) and some form of memory. The processing element carries out arithmetic and logic operations, and a sequencing and control unit that can change the order of operations based on stored information. Computer History: The first use of the word computer was recorded in 1613 in a book called The young mans gleanings by English writer Richard Braithwaite I have read the truest computer of Times, and the best Arithmetician that ever breathed, and he reduced thy days into a short number. It referred to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out computations. Computer Types: Computers are also categorized on the basis of physical structures and the purpose of their use. Based on Capacity, speed and reliability they can be divided into four categories of computers: Microcomputer: A small, single-user computer based on a microprocessor. Minicomputer: A multi-user computer capable of supporting up to hundreds of users simultaneously. Mainframe: A powerful multi-user computer capable of supporting many hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously. Supercomputer: An extremely fast computer that can perform hundreds of millions of instructions per second. 2. MICROCOMPUTER A microcomputer is a small, relatively inexpensive computer with a microprocessor as its central processing unit (CPU). It includes a microprocessor, memory, and input/output (I/O) facilities. Microcomputers became popular in the 1970s and 80s with the advent of increasingly powerful microprocessors. Microcomputer or personal computer can be defined as a small, relatively inexpensive computer designed for an individual user. Businesses use microcomputers for word processing, accounting, desktop publishing, and for running spread sheet and database management applications. At home, the most popular use for microcomputers is for playing games and recently for surfing the Internet. The characteristics of a microcomputer are Monitors, keyboards and other devices for input and output may be integrated or separate. Computer memory in the form of RAM, and at least one other less volatile, memory storage device are usually combined with the CPU on a system bus in one unit. Other devices that make up a complete microcomputer system include batteries, a power supply unit, a keyboard and various input/output devices used to convey information to and from a human operator (printers, monitors, human interface devices). Microcomputers are designed to serve only one user at a time, although they can often be modified with software or hardware to concurrently serve more than one user. Microcomputers fit well on or under desks or tables, so that they are within easy access of users. Bigger computers like minicomputers, mainframes, and supercomputers take up large cabinets or even dedicated rooms. Actual microcomputer can be generally classified by size and chassis / case. The chassis or case is the metal frame that serves as the structural support for electronic components. Every computer system requires at least one chassis to house the circuit boards and wiring. The chassis also contains slots for expansion boards. If you want to insert more boards than there are slots, you will need an expansion chassis, which provides additional slots. There are two basic flavours of chassis designs-desktop models and tower models-but there are many variations on these two basic types. Then come the portable computers that are computers small enough to carry. Portable computers include notebook and subnotebook computers, hand-held computers, palmtops, and PDAs. Tower model The term refers to a computer in which the power supply, motherboard, and mass storage devices are stacked on top of each other in a cabinet. This is in contrast to desktop models, in which these components are housed in a more compact box. The main advantage of tower models is that there are fewer space constraints, which makes installation of additional storage devices easier. Desktop model A computer designed to fit comfortably on top of a desk, typically with the monitor sitting on top of the computer. Desktop model computers are broad and low, whereas tower model computers are narrow and tall. Because of their shape, desktop model computers are generally limited to three internal mass storage devices. Desktop models designed to be very small are sometimes referred to as slim line models. Notebook computer Notebook is extremely lightweight personal computer. Notebook computers typically weigh less than 6 pounds and are small enough to fit easily in a briefcase. Aside from size, the principal difference between a notebook computer and a personal computer is the display screen. Notebook computers use a variety of techniques, known as flat-panel technologies, to produce a lightweight and non-bulky display screen. The quality of notebook display screens varies considerably. In terms of computing power, modern notebook computers are nearly equivalent to personal computers. They have the same CPUs, memory capacity, and disk drives. However, all this power in a small package is expensive. Notebook computers cost about twice as much as equivalent regular-sized computers. Notebook computers come with battery packs that enable you to run them without plugging them in. However, the batteries need to be recharged every few hours. Laptop computer A small, portable computer small enough that it can sit on your lap. Nowadays, laptop computers are more frequently called notebook computers. Subnotebook computer A portable computer that is slightly lighter and smaller than a full-sized notebook computer. Typically, subnotebook computers have a smaller keyboard and screen, but are otherwise equivalent to notebook computers. Hand-held computer A portable computer that is small enough to be held in ones hand. Although extremely convenient to carry, handheld computers have not replaced notebook computers because of their small keyboards and screens. The most popular hand-held computers are those that are specifically designed to provide PIM (personal information manager) functions, such as a calendar and address book. Some manufacturers are trying to solve the small keyboard problem by replacing the keyboard with an electronic pen. However, these pen-based devices rely on handwriting recognition technologies, which are still in their infancy. Hand-held computers are also called PDAs, palmtops and pocket computers. Palmtop Palmtop is small computer that literally fits in your palm. Compared to full-size computers, palmtops are severely limited, but they are practical for certain functions such as phone books and calendars. Palmtops that use a pen rather than a keyboard for input are often called hand-held computers or PDAs. Because of their small size, most palmtop computers do not include disk drives. However, many contain PCMCIA slots in which you can insert disk drives, modems, memory, and other devices. Palmtops are also called PDAs, hand-held computers and pocket computers. PDA PDA is short for personal digital assistant, a handheld device that combines computing, telephone/fax, and networking features. A typical PDA can function as a cellular phone, fax sender, and personal organizer. Unlike portable computers, most PDAs are pen-based, using a stylus rather than a keyboard for input. This means that they also incorporate handwriting recognition features. Some PDAs can also react to voice input by using voice recognition technologies. The field of PDA was pioneered by Apple Computer, which introduced the Newton Message Pad in 1993. Shortly thereafter, several other manufacturers offered similar products. To date, PDAs have had only modest success in the marketplace, due to their high price tags and limited applications. However, many experts believe that PDAs will eventually become common gadgets. PDAs are also called palmtops, hand-held computers and pocket computers. 3. MINICOMPUTER Another type of computer is Micro Computer which is design to support more than one user at a time but it can be used by one person at a time. It is a computer of a size intermediate between a microcomputer and a mainframe computer and includes a microprocessor, memory, input and output facility and it comes equipped with at least one type of data storage, usually RAM. Typically, mini computers have been stand-alone computers sold to small and mid-size businesses for general business applications and to large enterprises for department-level operations. . Mini computers were designed for control, instrumentation, human interaction, and communication switching as distinct from calculation and record keeping. They have great storage capacity and work at a high speed rate. It is often use in place where several people have to work at the same time, so it let many users use data at the same time without any inconvenient. Mini computers are not only used in organization for work but many of mini computers are also used as personal computer. It has a large cheap array of silicon logic gate which allows utility programs and self-booting kernel to be stored within microcomputers. These stored programs let the minicomputer to automatically load further more complex software from external storage device without the user intervention. The Minicomputers were first built in in 1960s and they immediately became a huge success as 40,000 of the minicomputer systems were immediately sold of making the computers hugely available to the general public. With such a successful market possibility many companies stepped in to venture in the minicomputer market. The most successful among these two hundred companies was DEC that launched the minicomputer models PDP-11 and VAX 11/780. Some significant characteristics and historical facts about the mini computer system have been summarized as follows: They are much smaller in size than the mainframe computer systems. As such they do not occupy an entire room but usually occupy space similar in size to that of a standard refrigerator. They are much less expensive than the mainframes. Their invention was possible because of the invention of core memory technologies and transistors. Minicomputers can give parallel access to up to 100 users. Hence they were used in places such as business organizations for maintaining billings and finances. Some of the very first companies to manufacture the minicomputer systems were Hewlett Packard, DEC and Data General. A few models of minicomputers which have been a marked success over the years are: DEC VAX series and PDP series Hewlett Packard HP3000 series SDS,SDS-92 Prime Computers, Prime 50 Series Norsk Data, Nord-1, Nord-10, Nord-100 IBM Midrange Computers Control Data Corporations CDC 160A, CDC-1700 Data General Nova Honeywell-Bull Level 6/DPS Level6/DPS 6000 series Minicomputers have eventually evolved in to microcomputers. With the launch of microcomputers, the public have Had a greater access to the advantage of incorporating computers in the daily stride of their lives. 4. MAINFRAME COMPUTER In another hand we have the Mainframe Computer which is quite expensive than the Mini computer. In comparison the mainframe computer perform better than the mini computer, it can process data at a very high speed rate, for example, millions of instruction per second and Compared to a typical PC, mainframes commonly have hundreds to thousands of times as much data storage online, and can access it much faster. They contain a large number of self-maintenance features, including built-in security features and high data handling capacity. Because of mainframes ability to handle high level data transactions they are used by the biggest firms in almost all the industry such as banks, government agencies and organizations which need to store great volume of complex and important data at a high security level, which means that this is the most secure than other type of computer. Mainframes are designed to handle very high volume input and output and emphasize throughput computing. This type of computer can work for long period without being interrupted, they are reliable. It can run multiple different instance of different operating system and can handle the work of many users at the same time. The term RAS (reliability, availability and serviceability) is a defining characteristic of the mainframe computer. Test, development, training, and production workload for applications and databases can run on a single machine, except for extremely large demands where the capacity of one machine might be limiting. They are usually protected by multiple levels of security and power backup, both internal and external. Among the self-protection measures commonly found in mainframes are an enhanced heat-protection mechanism. Because these computers run all day along with 24x7x365 ability, a large amount of heat generated must be expelled. The fans in mainframe computers are among the most efficient helping in keeping the data centers cool. Features They are huge computers installed in space centers, nuclear power stations etc. They are used for performing complex mathematical calculations. Only scientists and mathematicians can operate them. They are having huge memories tremendous processing speed. They are used for weather forecasting, animation graphics Mainframes run multiple sessions, and with high reliability. Companies can run their IT operations for years without problems or interruptions with minimum down time. Administration is very easy due to the fact that all applications layers are monitored in one Server. A central computer alone can replace dozens or hundreds of smaller PCs, reducing management and administrative costs while providing a much better scalability and reliability. Mainframes can run more than one operating system at once, which allows companies to run multiple sessions with a super-fast speed, high reliability, and high secure. 5. SUPERCOMPUTER Supercomputer is a broad term for one of the fastest computers currently available. Supercomputers are very expensive and are employed for specialized applications that require immense amounts of mathematical calculations (number crunching). For example, weather forecasting requires a supercomputer. Other uses of supercomputers scientific simulations, (animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting). Perhaps the best known supercomputer manufacturer is Cray Research. Approaches to supercomputer architecture have taken dramatic turns since the earliest systems were introduced in the 1960s. Early supercomputer architectures pioneered by Seymour Cray relied on compact innovative designs and local parallelism to achieve superior computational peak performance. However, in time the demand for increased computational power ushered in the age of massively parallel systems. Here are some examples of supercomputer: IBM Roadrunner Cray Jaguar Tianhe-IA Fujitsu K computer IBM Sequoia Cray Titan Advantages of supercomputer The primary advantage that supercomputers offer is decreased processing time. Computer speed is commonly measured in floating point operations, or FLOPS. Average home computers can perform up to a hundred billion of these operations per second, or 100 gigaflops. Supercomputers, however, are tens of thousands of times faster, meaning that calculations that would take your home computer hours or days can be solved by a supercomputer in a matter of seconds. Supercomputers are usually used to tackle large, real-world problems that would be too time consuming on regular computers. For example, weather forecasters use supercomputers to create models of the weather and to forecast the weather. Obviously, forecasts have to be made in a timely manner to make them useful so the more powerful the computer the better. Only supercomputers have the ability to perform these calculations in a timely fashion. One of the sayings of computing is that the higher the technology, the more trivial the application and the most powerful computers in the world are used by digital effects/computer animation companies. The sheer processing power of supercomputers means that they can be used to do things that ordinary computers simply couldnt handle. Supercomputers have also permitted great strides in filmmaking and special effects. Disadvantages of supercomputer There have no great difference between mainframe computers because like the mainframe it takes up a large space and cost very high. It requires trained staff to can handle and use the supercomputer and it may only be good for specific application. It is high power consumption, it use a lot of electricity, for instance, about millions Rupees in a year. Other disadvantage is that supercomputers require massive external storage drives whose bandwidth is fast enough to accommodate the data being analyzed and produced. If storage and bandwidth cant keep up with the data flow, the supercomputer will not be able to work at its full capacity. Unlike ordinary desktop computers that may finish calculating a problem in a few minutes or overnight, supercomputers work on tasks that require intensive calculations which can take extremely long periods to complete. For example, a supercomputer could spend months performing calculations to support research on climate change or to help cure a disease, presenting a disadvantage to people who are in a hurry for quick results. 6. CONCLUSION After all we can say that computer has made his way since 19xx. It has begun with the microcomputer which consisted of simple technology. Then we have the minicomputer which becomes more and more personal and sophisticated for users. It makes great progress when the mainframe computer comes in 19xx (put the date). It comes with more performance and more memory with high security level. Their process increased more than 100 times and finally when the famous supercomputer comes which is 1000 times more powerful than the predecessor. And nowadays with the great evolution we have four type of computer.

A Review of Job Satisfaction, the Influencing Factors and Consequences

A Review of Job Satisfaction, the Influencing Factors and Consequences of Job Satisfaction Introduction Job satisfaction has been gaining attention from both researchers and managers, especially due to the contemporary proliferation of the idea recognising the significance of people in terms of achieving competitive advantage and sustainability in organisations. The purpose of the essay is to review factors influencing job satisfaction and consequences attributing to job satisfaction after reviewing some understanding of the meaning of the term and the reasons why job satisfaction is widely studied. Literature Review ï  ¬ The meaning of job satisfaction and the attractiveness for studies It is relevant that the meaning of job satisfaction is reviewed. Job satisfaction can be simply defined as the level at which employees have a positive feeling to their jobs (Agho et al. 1993, p. 1007). Another definition by spector (1997, p. 2) emphasises that the term â€Å"job satisfaction† should include both positive and negative sides (Spector, 1997, p. 2). In this case, the term â€Å"job satisfaction† explicitly points out that the job satisfaction is a continuum with entirely satisfied and not satisfied at all at the two extremes. Importantly, job satisfaction can be the outcome of the employees’ general perception of the job as a whole or specific feeling towards different aspects of the job. And the overall job satisfaction cannot be regarded as the result of calculation of satisfaction levels concerning different aspects of the jobs Among different job attitudes elements, job satisfaction is of outstanding importance and even viewed as the central element (Saari & Judge, 2004, p. 396). As other elements of attitudes, the nature of job satisf... ...atisfaction and individual performance’, Academy of Management Review, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 712-721 Saari, L. M. & Judge, T. A. 2004, ‘Employee attitudes and job satisfaction’, Human Resource Management, vol. 43, no. 4, pp. 395-407 Seashore, S. E. & Taber, T. D. 1975, ‘Job satisfaction and their correlates’, American Behavioral Scientist, vol. 18, no. 3, pp. 333-368 Spector, P. E. 1997, Job satisfaction: application, assessment, causes and consequences, Sage Publications, Inc, California Spencer, D. G. & Steers, R. M. 1981, ‘Performance as a moderator of the job satisfaction-turnover relationship’, Journal of Applied Psychology, vol. 66, no. 4, pp. 511-514 Tett, R. P. & Meyer, J. P. 1993, ‘Job satisfaction, organizational commitment, turnover intention, and turnover: path analyses based on meta-analytic findings’, Personnel Psychology, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 259-293

Comparing Poor Mans Pudding, Bartleby, Ministers Black Veil, or Masqu

Lack of Epiphany in Poor Man's Pudding, Bartleby, Minister's Black Veil, or Masque of the Red Death In the Melville stories, "Poor Man's Pudding and Rich Man's Crumbs" and "Bartleby, the Scrivener", the narrators go through what appear to be life-changing experiences. Hawthorne offers a similar outline in "The Minister's Black Veil" as does Poe in "Masque of the Red Death". Yet, at the conclusion of each of these stories, there is no evidence to suggest that the narrator is affected by the differences (and perhaps similarities) of their lives and those less fortunate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In "Poor Man's Pudding and Rich Man's Crumbs" The narrator has the opportunity to absorb, as much as an "outsider" can, the heartache and trials of the lower class. While he cannot deny the experience of being in the Coulters home as thought provoking-- that appears to be all it is for him. "But the instinct of the poor is wiser than we think". He does not totally align himself with the upper class in the second part of the story but he will not refuse the benefits and privileges of wealth. He may be inwardly affected by the gluttony and callousness of the rich and the sympathetic circumstances of the poor, but any inward conversion is not exemplified in his outward behavior. ..Of all the preposterous assumptions of humanity over humanity, nothing exceeds most of the criticisms made on the habits of the poor by the well-housed, well-warmed, and well-fed".Here, I believe, the reader is the one who is changed by the narrator's experiences an d the lack of change on the part of the narrator is upsetting to the reader. The reader is able to go with the narrator through both situations, but unlike the narrator, the reader is able to sympathize with th... ...ected by the differences (and perhaps similarities) of their lives and those less fortunate. They stand at the crossroad that would define their character and their future course of action. Some choose ambivalence, some choose to see and turn away, others may even convince themselves that they are actually better than they used to be. But without acting on any internal change these people have failed to convince the reader that they have been redeemed. Their inability or unwillingness to extend themselves to the cause of brotherhood and human kindness is their testament. The reader has no pity for these men, but unlike them the reader can internalize the lessons of their experiences and effect change in their own lives. Their failure to act is their greatest folly, but the reader can rise above these characters, recognizing their failure and take a different path. Comparing Poor Man's Pudding, Bartleby, Minister's Black Veil, or Masqu Lack of Epiphany in Poor Man's Pudding, Bartleby, Minister's Black Veil, or Masque of the Red Death In the Melville stories, "Poor Man's Pudding and Rich Man's Crumbs" and "Bartleby, the Scrivener", the narrators go through what appear to be life-changing experiences. Hawthorne offers a similar outline in "The Minister's Black Veil" as does Poe in "Masque of the Red Death". Yet, at the conclusion of each of these stories, there is no evidence to suggest that the narrator is affected by the differences (and perhaps similarities) of their lives and those less fortunate.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In "Poor Man's Pudding and Rich Man's Crumbs" The narrator has the opportunity to absorb, as much as an "outsider" can, the heartache and trials of the lower class. While he cannot deny the experience of being in the Coulters home as thought provoking-- that appears to be all it is for him. "But the instinct of the poor is wiser than we think". He does not totally align himself with the upper class in the second part of the story but he will not refuse the benefits and privileges of wealth. He may be inwardly affected by the gluttony and callousness of the rich and the sympathetic circumstances of the poor, but any inward conversion is not exemplified in his outward behavior. ..Of all the preposterous assumptions of humanity over humanity, nothing exceeds most of the criticisms made on the habits of the poor by the well-housed, well-warmed, and well-fed".Here, I believe, the reader is the one who is changed by the narrator's experiences an d the lack of change on the part of the narrator is upsetting to the reader. The reader is able to go with the narrator through both situations, but unlike the narrator, the reader is able to sympathize with th... ...ected by the differences (and perhaps similarities) of their lives and those less fortunate. They stand at the crossroad that would define their character and their future course of action. Some choose ambivalence, some choose to see and turn away, others may even convince themselves that they are actually better than they used to be. But without acting on any internal change these people have failed to convince the reader that they have been redeemed. Their inability or unwillingness to extend themselves to the cause of brotherhood and human kindness is their testament. The reader has no pity for these men, but unlike them the reader can internalize the lessons of their experiences and effect change in their own lives. Their failure to act is their greatest folly, but the reader can rise above these characters, recognizing their failure and take a different path.

Five Guys Burgers and fries: Ingredients for success Essay

Introduction The purpose of analyzing the success story of Five Guys burger is to examine the milestones covered by Five Guys to establish the successful business in private enterprise system. The perfect business plan that Five Guys has includes drivers of change on the system, the ethical and social responsibilities that Five Guys developed towards its employees. Furthermore, a unique strategy of marketing â€Å"word of mouth† which helped Five Guys in establishing more than 1000 outlets across the nation instead of spending millions of dollar in advertisement. Overall, this case study helps how an entrepreneur can run business by using out of box and simple solution to gain success in market. Five Guys’ philosophy setting apart from other fast food chains By careful reading of the Five Guys’ case study, I think quality product and customer satisfaction is the main philosophy of the Five Guys burger. According to Jerry Murrell â€Å"We need to concentrate on the quality of our product, and the satisfaction of the customers†. Five Guys maintained its philosophy of quality product for instance freshly prepared bun, fat free meat and no corner cut fries. As mentioned in the case study â€Å"The meat for the burgers – 80 percent lean- is always fresh, never frozen and their plants so clean, you could eat off the floor†. While focusing on customer satisfaction, people use to come by and eat Five Guys burger because they think; the place where burger is made is very clean and tidy. Kitchen of Five Guys is always open to customer and if someone wants to see how his/her burger is being made, (s)he is more than welcome. Landlord of a franchisee admired Five Guys by saying that we have Five Guys clean, friendly storefront and quality food in neighbors (Neil Janowitz, 2007). Secondly, customer like waiting for Five Guys burger because of its quality food. Five Guys improved its customer satisfaction by serving peanuts to its customers. Five Guys started to distribute free, unshelled peanuts to placate waiting customers. The peanuts have become a Five Guys trademark (Roger, Y, 2009). I must say that above mentioned philosophy helped Five Guys a lot in developing such successful burger’ food chain that it clearly making a competition to all other renowned fast food chains like McDonalds, Burger King and Wendys. Original Values of Five Guys burger and how it remains strong today Two Original values which I found after a careful review of case study, I assume (a) quality food and (b) no advertisement. Mentioning the standard of quality food, Five Guys burgers are as fresh and juicy as they were when the first restaurant was opened in 1986. They have same freshly baked bread every day since its opening. Similarly, potatoes are cut fresh every morning and fried in peanut oil; never greasy served in Styrofoam cup. Five Guys hired the person that baked the bread/bun for their first store, and made him a partner in the firm. They ensure that every store gets fresh bread every morning. Five Guys burger had a belief that people want to know that their money is used in providing quality food. A word of mouth strategy worked really well for Five Guys That’s why Five Guys don’t advertise to sell its product. Jerry Murrell says, â€Å"Treat that person right, he’ll walk out the door and sell for you. We were going to use our food to market our products†. (Roger, Y, 2009). Three factors contributed Five Guys’ success There are numbers of factors involved in contributing success to Five Guys business. I am going to mention only three of them. * Quality food * Simple menu * No advertisement. First factor plays an important role in the success. Simple menu, I think, is the key to success. Although, Five Guys tried to enhance or increase its menu by serving coffee and a chicken sandwich but it did not work, so they stop serving coffee and chicken sandwich. Likely, franchisees put pressure to add items, such as milkshakes but Five Guys did not accept it. â€Å"We’re the only burger chain that doesn’t have milkshakes. But we couldn’t possibly have a milkshake that comes of out of the machine† Jerry says (Roger, Y, 2009). Second factor quality of food is the heart core factor that contributed to the success of Five Guys burger. â€Å"Five Guys’ burger is better than McDonald’s,† says Tristano. â€Å"Americans have always fallen in love with a better product â€Å"(Burke M, 2012). Speaking about quality food that offers Five Guys includes superior quality of meat, eighty percent lean, always fresh, never frozen at all. Potatoes always come from northern Idaho, because of weather condition they grow more slowly, solid and tasty in comparison to the potatoes grown in California or Florida, grow faster and are cheaper used by other fast food chains. Five Guys use anything but the best. Five Guys first soak fries in water so when the fries are per fried, the water boils, forcing steam out of the fry. This forma a seal so that when they get fried a second time, the fries don’t absorb any oil and so are never oily. â€Å"Fries are much harder than burgers† says Murrell. â€Å"We work day and night on them, all the damn time.† (Burke M, 2012). Five Guys menu allows the chain to focus all its energy on executing its burger â€Å"perfectly† (Licata, E., 2009). Five Guys burger decided they would cook only in peanut oil, which cost five times as much as the oil, other burger restaurants were using (Lottie L., 2012). Finally, the factor is no advertisement, which I think contributed to the success of Five Guys. Five Guys burger had a belief that people want to know that their money is used in providing quality food. That’s why they don’t use advertisement to sell their product. Jerry Murrell says, â€Å"Treat that person right, he’ll walk out the door and sell for you. We were going to use our food to market our products† Jerry says. (Roger, Y, 2009). Five Guys burger admits that they do things a little differently than most companies other fast food companies don’t, they put 3% of their revenue toward marketing or advertising. Five Guys burger simply don’t, they spent that money as a bonus to give their employees. â€Å"All of our employees at our stores, we pay them good money. I think that’s important† Murrell says. â€Å"Hire well-paid people and they’ll stay with you.† (Lottie L., 2012). Social and ethical practices of Five Guys burger An organization is considered to be respectable because of its social and ethical policies it implemented within the organization. After a careful study, I think â€Å"No Marketing or advertisement† is one of the top social aspects of Five Guys. â€Å"He said anybody can be successful in the restaurant business if you serve a good product, (have a) friendly and clean atmosphere and reasonable price,† recalls Murrell (Lottie L., 2012). A word of mouth strategy worked really well for Five Guys. Five Guys used the strength of society in positive way and customer base is increased day by day on the recommendation of another customer. I think second aspect of social policy of Five Guys is selling its franchises. This aspect helps middle class people to have their own small business which also helps in increasing the employment rate. More than 1700 stores reportedly been sold for future development into Five Guys outlets (Datamonitor, 2010) I think ethical aspect covers how an organization is beneficial for its employee. Most of the Organizations spent a fixed percentage of its revenue on marketing but Five Guys don’t do it. Five Guys spend that fixed percentage as bonus to employees. The Company has noted that it gives around $6m a year in bonuses to its employees. Murrell says its important to make employees feel a sense of ownership and accountability. Five Guys has a policy to maintain high standard of customer service by employing mystery shoppers to regularly judge its outlets. This strategy positively appraises staff and keeps standard high. Five Guys send those secret shoppers twice a week to all locations, looking to catch staff delivering outstanding customer service. If they get a good score during the secret audits, they receive $1000 to divide amongst them, usually 5-6 people per crew. This is over and above the $8 or $9 an hour the crew makes, as a result crew feels happy and satisfied. Conclusion This case study enables us to understand that business plan is very important in order to run a successful business. Business philosophy or company goal plays an important role in running the business successful. Businesses cannot flourish if higher management don’t have out of box solution or strategy. In this case study we have noticed that philosophy plays an important role along with the out of the box marketing strategy i.e. â€Å"No Marketing/advertisement† that gives Five Guys an edge to its competitors. Reference 1. Janowitz, N. (2007). Five Guys sticks to burger-and-fries formula. Shopping Centers Today, 28(7), 32-33. 2. DATAMONITOR: Five Guys Case Study. (2010). Five Guys Case Study: Maintaining Growth in Fast Food with a Simple Menu & Quality Focus, 1-11. 3. Licata, E. (2009). FIVE GUYS. Nation’s Restaurant News, 43(18), 58. 4. Lottie L., J. (n.d). Five Guys family keeps it simple. USA Today. 07/30/2012 5. Burke, M. (2012). Five Guys Burgers: America’s Fastest Growing Restaurant Chain. Forbes.Com, 26 6. Roger, Y. (n.d). Five Guys is simply successful. USA Today, 06/08/2009

Child Care Observation

Child Care Observation I observed children at ABC Child Development Center in the 3 year old classroom on March 1, 2010 from 8am until 11am. The classroom had a very diverse composition in the classroom, Hispanic, African American, Caucasian, Native American, and Asian (Vietnamese). In addition to diversity the ABC child development focus on maintaining a child centered environment that allows children to learn at their own pace. The classroom had 2 teachers and 24 children in attendance during the observation. The classroom has blue walls and displays of the children’s artwork around the room for Saint Patrick's Day and also spring.The classroom had 8 centers for learning and activities. The centers were arranged at the children’s eye level and lower to ensure easy access. The centers included art, science and sensory, music, blocks, dramatic play area, library, quiet zone, and a safe place center. The class started with breakfast which included, toast, bacon, fruit, a nd milk. During breakfast all of the children were allowed to pour their own milk and serve themselves one scoop of fruit. As the children were eating they talked among themselves about how their mommy would come back at the end of the day.The girls began arguing about whose mother would return, they shouted at one another, â€Å"No my mommy is coming back! † the other child replied, â€Å"No my mommy is coming back not yours! † The teacher ended the argument, but as the debate about which mother would return ended, the boys began using pretend guns with their toast. Three of the boys had chewed their toast into the shape of guns and again the teacher had to redirect the boys because the child care center does not allow children participate in any violent activities.As the teacher redirected the boys, they all stated, â€Å"we are not making pow pows†. After breakfast the children began their morning hygiene routine of going to the restroom, washing hands, and b rushing teeth. The boys went to the restroom first and finished within a few minutes. The girls took longer in the restroom than the boys, because many of the girls were talking to one another while they were in the restroom. While the girls were in the restroom many of them were talking about their dogs. One girl stated the she was going to bring her dog â€Å"Peetie Joe† to her ABC school for show and share.Another student said,† Oooh ma ma ma, you can’t bring Peetie Joe to my ABC school and I am going to tell†. As hygiene time ended the class sat around a rectangle carpet to begin circle time. Circle time lasted 20 minutes and consisted of 2 songs (Ram Sam Sam and 5 Little Monkey’s), a flannel board story (Brown Bear), and pretend play (hunters in the forest). After the circle time children were allowed to choose a center activity. Many of the children went to the dramatic play area that included a kitchen, a dress up area, and a construction tabl e.The kitchen had a sink, refrigerator, stove, table, and many plastic foods. Five children were in the kitchen making lunch for the day. One of the students took a baby to the kitchen table and the students began telling the baby to make a happy plate so she can have treasure box. One of the students began to pat the baby on the head as he told the baby doll, â€Å"Eat all your food so you can be strong, okay. † The children in the dress up area were wearing fireman uniforms that consisted of red fire hats, jackets, and pants. The girls and boys in the area pretended to stop a fire.The children made pretend fire hoses with their hands and sprayed the walls which were the buildings that were on fire. The remainder of the children went to the art area that consisted on two cafeteria style tables and benches that would seat 30 children. One table had green paint, gold sequins, and clovers. The children were supposed to paint the clovers greens and place sequins on the clovers. All of the children at the table completed their projects very quickly, one student started painting on another student’s face which angered the student.Another student remained at the table longer because he appeared to be extremely focused on the placement of the sequins. After he completed his project he showed the teachers. He placed all of the gold sequins around the edges of the clovers which formed into a border. He placed sequins in the middle of the clover that also formed a circle. Many of the children left the paint to make shapes with the play dough, but 3 students went to the library area to read books. Two of the girls took babies with them and read stories to their babies while the boy student read alone to himself various books for about 45 minutes.The girls would change seats and move the dolls around as well as change books, but the little boy seated in the library was not distracted by any of their activities. The class observed was in Piaget’s Per-o perational Stage of Development. Preoperational stage begins at age 2 and lasts until age 7. During this stage children apply new knowledge of language, use symbols to represent objects, and also personifies objects, and change in physical appearance. During the observation the children appeared to have reached the developmental milestones for a 3 year old.Physically many of the children were about 39 to 46 inches in height (Papalia, Olds, Feldman 2007 page 251). Most of the children in the class appeared to have lost their â€Å"baby fat† (Venice Kichura 2009) because they were slender in appearance, but two of the girls in the class were much taller than 46 inches. The two girls appeared to be 50 to 55 inches in height (the girls appeared be the size of a 6 year old, but they were slender, not obese). Physiologically the children did not appear to have any developmental delays, most the children were able to use large and fine motor skills without any difficulty.The childre n could mold the play dough into various shapes, use scissors, and glue. During the pretend play the children were able to complete the various range of movements that included squatting low on the ground to pull their bow and arrows and jumping to miss the frogs. Handedness appeared to be prevalent in most of the children during the observation. Most of the children were using their right hands during the art, but here was one student that used her left hand during the painting of the clovers. Many of the children displayed the cognitive characteristics of a 3 year old.During the circle time, the children sang the song Ram Sam Sam. The song allowed the children to improve their memory development through the repetitive language used in Ram Sam Sam through encoding. Encoding is the process by which information is prepared for long-term storage (Papalia, Olds, Feldman 2007 pg 278). The students were able to recall the song Ram Sam Sam from memory to sing during circle time. Ram Sam S am involved memory, but it also utilized cross lateral movements that help develop each hemisphere of the brain and corpus callosum (Schiller 1999).There were many activities that the children participated in that illustrated Piaget’s Preoperational Stage of Development and also Lev Vgotsky’s theory of cognitive development that children learn best through their interactions with culture. When the three students went to the library two of the students engaged in pretend play as they read stories to their dolls. The third student engaged in parallel play, although there was other students around him playing, he focused on the book he was reading only as is if he was the only one in the room.His parallel play could also be seen a as form of egocentrism because he recognized his environment through only his point of view as he read. While the children were in the dramatic play area a child explained to the teacher that one of his peers built a fire station. The student to ld the teacher, â€Å"XYZ person builded a firehouse. † When the teacher corrected the student by using the word built, the student corrected the teacher, â€Å"No! He builded a fire station. † The statement could also be considered a form of egocentrism, but also an example if Vygotsky’s â€Å"zone of proximal development† (ZPD).ZPD is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with help (Papalia, Olds, Feldman 2007 pg 283). In addition to the views of Vygotsky and Piaget, Erik Erickson also had the theory â€Å"Initiative versus Guilt† that focused on the need to deal with conflicting feelings (Papalia, Olds, Feldman 2007 pg 300). For example, during breakfast 3 students made guns with their toast, but there was a fourth student that appeared to be interested in making a gun also with their toast.The student bit his toast almost into the shape of the gun, but looked at the teacher and discontinued forming the toast into a gun. During the observation the children did not make statements about gender roles, but the girls were in the kitchen and played with the dolls, while the boys were the only ones playing in the fireman’s clothes. The girls nurtured the baby dolls while the boys made guns with their toast. During the observation the girls appeared to understand self regulation and control, while the boys appeared to be egocentric in their actions even when dealing with the rules.The boys knew the rules regarding guns, but made the deliberate choice to make a gun with their toast. Throughout the observation most of the children demonstrated prosocial behavior, they interacted well with their peers and only required minimal redirection. Only one of the students appeared to be overtly aggressive. Whenever she was redirected she would use profanity at peers or the teachers. During one redirection she slumped to the floor, took off her shoes, and proceeded through her shoes at the teacher.Overall throughout the observation the children appeared to have self confidence and trust in their caregivers. The class did not appear to be afraid to play within the class. The children appeared to enjoy the activities planned and some of them repeated the routines during their time in the various learning centers. I enjoyed early childhood or the preoperational stage of development, but had a large amount of changes in adolescence that had lasting effects into adulthood. Physically I was smaller than most of my peers (4’11 in height) and less attractive in appearance.I weighed about 85 pounds in high during adolescence, had vision problems, and scoliosis. While some cultures are concerned with weight loss, my culture (race) during adolescence embraced weight, so I felt like an outcast at times within my own race. Despite being smaller than my peers I was very athletic. I play volleyball, basketball, ran cross county, and was a majorette in the band. I had very ad vance cognitive skills for my age. My family encouraged me to try anything at least once so attempted to learn at any opportunity provided to me.I studied Spanish, German, and Vietnamese in high school. I was enrolled in Advanced Placement courses and made honor roll throughout high school. I participated in many non-sport extracurricular activities such as teen hotline, teen suicide prevention, church, and debate club. From a psychosocial aspect I followed the rules and had many friends. I was voted most out going in high school. I had received an award from the City of Oklahoma for being the youth advocate of the year. I lobbied the City and State to re-open community centers to help curtail gang violence.I went as far as posting daily notes on the Councilman’s cars since I worked for the police department and we all shared the same parking lot I understood rules, laws, and a respect for authority. I also understood possible consequences for failing to follow the rules. In spite of following rules and having great interactions with peers, I lacked self esteem. Although I was encouraged to try many things, I never had self confidence. Like many adolescent girls I thought that boys would be able to provide me with the boost of self confidence that I desired.From adolescence until about age 33 I spent time focusing on maintaining relationship with the opposite sex instead of my own personal growth. My mantra was â€Å"All I want is a good boyfriend†. I gave up attending Georgetown, I turned down many great employment opportunities, and even remained in an unhealthy relationship because I thought my boyfriend would give me the self confidence that I was missing. I believe that if more self confidence was instilled in me during adolescent and my family would have explained how relationships genuinely work I would have developed the appropriate level of self confidence.Works Cited Diane E. Papalia, Sally Wendkos Olds, Ruth Duskin Feldman. â€Å"A Ch ild’s World; Infancy Thorough Adolescence Eleventh Edition†. Boston, McGraw Hill, 2007 Pam Schiller. â€Å"Start smart! : building brain power in the early years. † New York, Gryphon House Publication, 1999 Venice Kichura. â€Å"Physical Development of Preschoolers. † Ehow. com March 2009, Date accessed March 17, 2010. http://www. ehow. com/about_5218904_physical-development-preschoolers. html

About Edumentor

About eduMENTOR This is a very small firm. Its full name is edumentor educational services. It provides coaching to students for cracking entrance exams of B. B. S. ; B. B. A. ; B. B. E. Promoter of edumentor is Vikas Jain who is Shaheed Sukhdev College of studies passout. At the moment, edumentor is a partnership firm run by Mr. Vikas Jain and Mr. Manuj Arora. Although it is a small firm but it is fastest growing coaching centre ever (according to data provided by them). Edumentor is just three years old and is now threatening the business of IMS (temple of learning); T. I. M. E. ; Career launcher and many smaller coaching centres. Members of eduMENTOR Mr. Vikas Jain and Mr. Manuj Arora (owners of the firm) Mr. Aashish and Mr. Saurabh Mr. Deepak Sharma There were 3 more employees who were sitting in the office, but I don’t know the name of them. I am assuming there name as A, B, C. Level of management There is no middle level management in this firm. There is only low level management and high level management in edumentor. My project is based on high level management of edumentor. My history with eduMENTOR There is a history of mine with edumentor. I have worked here as a trainee. Last year (March, 2008), edumentor was conducting counseling for commerce students who were appearing for 12th class board exam. They appointed more than 250 trainees for this purpose. I was supervisor of 7 trainees. Among those trainees there was a guy named Deepak Sharma. We became very good friends at that time. After the completion of counseling project, I left edumentor, but Deepak still worked there and today he is project manager of edumentor. I also know Vikas Jain, Manuj Arora, aashish, saurabh because of last year training done by me. My observation in eduMENTOR I have spent 3 days in edumentor for doing organizational behaviour project. On day 1, as I entered the office, aashish sir greeted me, I felt very much delighted because aashish sir always talked me rudely last year. On next 2 days no one greeted me. On all 3 days both of them wore informal clothes. According to my 3 days experience in edumentor, I come to know that there is a very good relationship between all the members of edumentor. In my presence, 5 students have taken admission in edumentor. Whenever any student takes admission, they all start celebrations. Deepak is the guy who literally loves edumentor. Whenever I talk him about edumentor, he always starts praising it. Deepak also got a job offer from Brilliant Tutorials with a better salary but he opted to stay at edumentor. I asked him why he rejected the job, he said â€Å"in edumentor everyone knows me, I am getting better job designation here and as edumentor grow, I will also grow! † This was his answer. Edumentor had also provided 0% loan to Deepak. Because of this loan Deepak purchased new scooty. I loved this type of helping employee management. Aashish sir is a professional counselor. He does counseling of students who come to edumentor office. Bringing the students in edumentor office is the responsibility of Deepak and to let them enroll in edumentor (admission in edumentor) is the responsibility of Aashish sir. Responsibility of Saurabh sir is almost same as responsibility of aashish sir. Saurbh sir does the counseling in coaching centres. Aashish sir is also responsible for keeping cash. Mr. A is responsible for for making question paper and Ms. B & Ms. C are responsible for telephonic calling. Although designations of A, B, C are small, but they are all treated cordially. They are considered as a important member of edumentor family. Like Deepak, Aashish sir is also very desperate for the success of edumentor, although he is just an employee. When I first met Aashish sir last year, I thought he is the owner of edumentor. Aashish sir had done post graduate in finance from a very good university. He is also getting finance related jobs but like Deepak he opted to stay at edumentor. A, B, and C are also good employees but they are working for money. I had seen Ms. B and Ms. C reading ‘situation vacant’ in the newspaper. Mr. A generally didn’t talk to anyone. Whenever he talked it was related to his work. Last year Saurabh sir faced a bike accident. After 6 months, he recovered. Edumentor sponcered half of his medical expenses. I liked this type of sponcership, this type of management. Because of this, Saurabh sir is very loyal to edumentor. Saurabh Sir is also responsible for board activities under which he recruits trainees. These trainees do small counseling of commerce students who are appearing for board exam at their board centers. Counseling here implies pursuing students to take admission in edumentor and also telling them the future aspects of BBS, BBA, BBE. Mr. A’s job is to make question paper. He does this job under the supervision of Manuj sir. Manuj sir is actually responsible for managing question paper. Manuj sir also offered me the job of making question paper. He asked me like this â€Å"Raghav if you want to prepare for CAT entrance exam then do this job, you will automatically get prepared for CAT! † This is called true management. With a style he convinced me to do this low paid job and I also agreed to his offer. Manuj sir is also responsible for overall management of edumentor. There is no specific HR department in edumentor. Manuj sir, Aashish sir, Saurabh sir, Vikas sir and Deepak all are performing HR job. They all trust each other very much. Because of this trust, there is no room for confusion. Vikas sir is the guy who started edumentor. According to my observation Vikas sir is only investing in edumentor. He is simply an investor. As he is the main stake holder of edumentor, final decision related to management is taken by him only. Although he does not participate in day to day management, but he is the only guy who motivates every employee, make them feel that they are the owner of edumentor. The meetings held in edumentor are informal. Sometimes they even crack jokes. On day 2 of my observation, they were discussing about recruiting trainees from school of open learning. Although their topic was serious, but they were discussing it informally. Meetings held there were spontaneous. Whenever there was an issue either it was small or big, they immediately conduct meeting. I loved this quick management in edumentor. When there is no meeting, then also they generally talk informally, although their talks are related to their work. Vikas sir, Manuj sir, Aashish Sir, Saurabh sir and Deepak are like the pillars of edumentor. Vikas sir and Manuj sir are obviously concerned for edumentor as they are the owners of firm. But Saurabh sir, Deepak and Aashish sir are also very concerned for edumentor, they all are getting better job, but they opted to stay in edumentor. According to them edumentor is going to become no. coaching centre and working in edumentor is like investment, they will grow as edumentor grows. The environment of edumentor is too good. This is the type of office in which I can spend my whole life. Here everyone is interested in success of edumentor. I would love to work here as growth of edumentor is proportional to growth of mine. There is positive vibration everywhere in the office. Small conclusion Edumentor is the best place to work specia lly for beginners as there is big room for growth. Vikas sir is a dynamic leader, student who wants to be a great leader should work under his guidance.

College Students Poor Food Choices Due to Stress

College Students Poor Food Choices Due To Stress Rebecca Vlha Holy Names University Part I Many college students develop eating disorders or they may develop habits that will make them obese in the future because of their bad habits that they acquire due to the stress that they are put under. Depending on what or how much each college student decides to participate in during their time being a college student. Stress is anything that is causing one uncomfortable emotions.Some examples of uncomfortable feelings might be anxiety, depression, feeling pressured, procrastination, troubled relationships with peers, not doing well in academics, or not being economically successful. Students that live in the dorms may choose fattening foods at the cafeteria or â€Å"treat† themselves to fast food because they are emotionally unstable. Most of these college students also do not think that their new habit is a negative one. The reason why college students eat fattening, high sugar foods could be because of a mental or a biological satisfaction.This research will give an explanation for why many medicate their emotional states with food. Food choices are often made based on one’s unhappiness, angst, or trauma. College students may feel as though pleasing their mouths will please their hearts and ease their state of stress. Many will endorse preferring the taste of highly salted, high sugar content foods, while others will state that this is the food they grew up eating, and some will say this is what is most affordable and accessible.Doing anything excessive because a stressor is acting upon you damages ones psyche; when one over eats and becomes obese, their sense of your self-image is altered negatively. The Cafe with buffets, fast food restaurants, and late night pizza deliveries are just a few of the enticements that college students are facing as they adjust to their new found independence and life on their own for the first time. My freshman roommate w as from Sweden; when she came to America she was considered a normal weight.However, as she was experiencing the college and had a lot of American food available she chose fast food and unhealthy foods at the cafe at school to cope with being home sick, and being stressed out about school and soccer. However, she woke up one morning and realized that her belly was much bigger than when she first came to America. She waddled over to a mirror and grabbed her stomach and said, â€Å"how come you’re stomach is not this big? We almost do the same things. † I said, â€Å"I knew it was secretly a dream of yours to be ‘thick’ so the vitamins I gave you the other night were for you to get big overnight.This just relieved the tension and she had gotten her insecurity off of her chest. However, it did not solve her psychological crisis that had triggered negative feelings about her physical appearance. The main reason why she was over eating and eating unhealthy was because she was depressed and missed home – not because she was hungry. Many college students go through the same scenario that my roommate experienced. Some students feel as though abnormal eating habits that may involve either insufficient or excessive food intake will comfort them physically and mentally.This research will be done on the college students who live in the dorms at Holy Names University. The units of analysis that will be observed are poor food choices and the factors of stress. Some major influences that that affect food choice are biological determinants, economic determinants, physical determinants, social determinants, and psychological determinants. A mode of operation that can be observed is the biological purpose that food serves; to put nutrients into our body. Humans need energy and nutrients in order to survive and will respond to the feelings of hunger or satisfaction of appetite.The central nervous system is involved in controlling the balance be tween hunger, appetite stimulation and food intake. Palatability is proportional to the pleasure someone experiences when eating a particular food. This aspect will most likely play a huge part in the decision making process for the food choices that college students make. Palatability is dependent on the sensory properties of the food such as taste, smell, texture and appearance. Sweet and high-fat foods have an undeniable sensory appeal.It is not surprising then that food is not solely regarded as a source of nourishment but is often consumed for the pleasure value it imparts. Another mode of operation that can be observed is the psychological factors that are in play during the decision making of making proper food choices. Stress and one’s mood can modify behaviors that affect health, such as physical activity, smoking or food choice. The influence of stress on food choice is complex not least because of the various types of stress one can experience.The effect of stress on food intake depends on the individual, the stressor and the circumstances. In general, some people eat more and some eat less than normal when experiencing stress. Studies also suggest that if work stress is prolonged or frequent, then adverse dietary changes could result, increasing the possibility of weight gain and consequently cardiovascular risk. Other than causing likely psychological insecurities, obesity can bring on a plethora of health conditions, including heart attack, stroke, high blood pressure, diabetes, knee and joint problems, various types of cancer and death. Bellise 2005) This study will be nomothetic; it will be describing the study of food choices and agents of stress within the cohorts of undergraduates that live in the dorms, particularly on the C-floor level of Durocher, on the Holy Names University campus. This research will be done by using deductive reasoning. Sometimes this is called the â€Å"top-down† approach because the researcher starts at the top with a very broad spectrum, which would narrow that down into more specific hypotheses that can be tested.Stress can cause bad eating habits like impulsive eating, overeating, binge eating, or compensatory behavior. The key variables and concepts involved in this study are stress and poor food choices. One should not use food to cope with stress and other negative emotions, because afterwards he or she will feel even worse. Becoming obese not only causes many physical disadvantages, but also can create psychological insecurities that must be dealt with. I will be using the Student Stress Survey (SSS) that measures the major sources of stress among college students.Also, I will be using a Eating Habit Questionnaire (EHQ) to measure how healthy one’s choices are when they make decisions about food. Some contributing indicators for stress are: anxiety disorders, weight problems, depression, premature aging, heart disease, chronic fatigue, high blood pressure, memory los s/brain fog, migraines, PMS, sleep problems, seasonal affective disorders, joint disorders, and sexual dysfunction. The peculiar thing is, that the indicators for having malnutrition are similar.However, when dealing with bad eating habits, one who isn’t getting enough food or nutrition or one that doesn’t have enough food or nutrition, can also have more serious indicators like: cancer, diabetes mellitus, renal disease, advanced aging, hormonal imbalance, and a decrease of hepatic function. The level of measurement that will be utilized during this research is mainly ordinal. This research will focus on two dimensions, food choice and level of stress. This allows the research to demonstrate how stress affects ones all around health.During this research, there will be two different types of surveys that will be combined and put into one leading scale measurement. This research will ask HNU students, qualitative questions that are open-ended, sampling questions or scena rios that make individuals contemplate about their food decisions and how it can be used to medicate depression. This is a collective case study that introduces a typology that is useful when selecting participants in multiple-case studies. This typology centers on a parallel sampling design.A parallel sampling design represents a body of sampling strategies that facilitate credible comparisons of two cases. Unfortunately, there can be a few open ended scenarios where someone could have just been eating badly for that week or some food is more convenient during a time period than another. Another thing to take into account is that perhaps some deal with stress differently than others. Part II This research will take place through the Holy Names University dorm rooms and I will be going door to door, starting with the people that live on my floor, then to the people that live above and below me in Durocher.These students are all undergraduates that are not freshmen. I will be asking as many people as I can later that night because that is when most of my peers are available to sit down and take a survey. The reliability for this experiment should be accurate because this is a replicated study of a survey and a questionnaire that have already been tested and have ways of measuring how sever ones stress is and what food choices one makes. This study has the ability to perform the exact same way every time it is being tested and it will be interpreted under the same conditions.The validity that will be focused on during this experiment is concurrent validity which measures the test against a set benchmark; higher correlated indicators prove that my test has strong criterion validity. Therefore, those who rank higher in stress levels and also rank high in eating unhealthy prove my theory true. The Survey: EHQ: Instructions: * This is not a test. There isn’t a right or wrong answer. * Read or listen to each question carefully and think about it before you cho ose an answer. * To choose an answer, put an X next to your choice. Choose only one answer for each question unless you are asked to choose more than one. * If you want to change an answer, erase your old answer and mark your new choice. Be sure to erase completely. * Do not skip any questions. What Gender do you fall under? ___Male ___Female Check the food in each line that you think is better for your health. 1. ___cookies OR ___an apple 3. ___chocolate cake OR ___an orange 4. ___ice cream OR ___fresh fruit cup 5. ___whole milk OR ___low-fat or skim milk 6. ___frozen yogurt OR ___ice cream 7. ___french toast OR ___whole wheat toast . ___grilled chicken sandwich OR ___hamburger 9. ___baked potato OR ___french fries 10. ___fruit juice OR ___soda 11. ___donut OR ___bread 12. ___cold or ready-to-eat cereal OR ___eggs and bacon 13. ___green salad OR ___popcorn 14. ___raisins OR ___candy bar 15. ___pasta OR ___pizza Check the box under YES or NO to answer the following questions if you have experienced this at Holy Names University based off of the availability to the Cafeteria and a grocery store near by: In the last 2 weeks, did you ever. . . | YES| NO| 16. Eaten fruits for bereakfast? | | | 17.Eat fruits or vegetables that you had never tried before? | | | 18. Eat a new grain, such as brown rice, bulgur or pita bread, that you had never tried before? | | | 19. Eat fresh fruit instead of a candy bar? | | | 20. Eat eggs instead of a bagel for breakfast? | | | 21. Eat six or more servings of grains, such as cereals, rice, spaghetti, and other noodles each day? | | | 22. Use Nutrition Facts labels to choose low-fat foods? | | | Mark the number below that best describes your opinion of the Holy Names University cafeteria program. The numbers mean: 1 – I strongly agree – I agree 3 – I disagree 4 – I strongly disagree 23. It offers food that I like. | 1| 2| 3| 4| 24. It offers food that is good for my health. | 1| 2| 3| 4| 25. It offers new foods to try. | 1| 2| 3| 4| 26. It offers foods that taste good. | 1| 2| 3| 4| 27. It offers a variety of foods that I will eat. | 1| 2| 3| 4| 28. It offers the full spectrum of the food pyramid every meal| 1| 2| 3| 4| 29. The students amongst HNU enjoy eating at the cafeteria| 1| 2| 3| 4| Please use the number ratings below to show how much you agree with the following statements: 1 – I strongly agree – I agree 3 – I disagree 4 – I strongly disagree 30. Foods such as ice cream, chips and cookies are okay to eat, but not all the time. | 1| 2| 3| 4| 31. Snacks such as fruit, pretzels, lowfat yogurt or low-fat cookies can be an important part of a healthy diet. | 1| 2| 3| 4| 32. It's okay to eat anything you want, whenever you want. | 1| 2| 3| 4| This research is determined by a collective point system set up to determine how healthy ones eating habits/food choice is. The dominant answers for the two option question (A represents the first option and B epr esents the second option) will be posted below with the numbers it correlates with. Numbers one through fifteen: 1-5)B 6)A 7)B 8-10)A 11-12)B 13-15)A. For the yes/no questions, if one choses yes then they score two points, and if they say no then they get one point. For the one-four scale part of the questionnaire, either intensity levels of feeling 1 and 2 score two or one points or 3 and 4 score two or one points. If you agreed with questions: 25, 27, 31; and if you disagreed with questions: 23, 24, 26, 28, 29, 30, 32 you received one point you will receive two points.SSS: To determine your stress score, add up the number of points corresponding to the events you have experienced in the past 12 months. 1. Death of a close family member (100 points) 2. Death of a close friend (73 points) 3. Divorce between parents (65 points) 4. Jail term (63 points) 5. Major personal injury or illness (63 points) 6. Marriage (58 points) 7. Firing from job (50 points) 8. Failing a class (47 points) 9. Change in health of a family member (45 points) 10. Pregnancy (45 points) 11. Sex problems (44 points) 12. Serious argument with close friend (40 points) 3. Change in financial status (39 points) 14. Change in scholastic major (39 points) 15. Trouble with parents (39 points) 16. New girl-or boyfriend (37 points) 17. Increase in workload at school (37 points) 18. Outstanding personal achievement (36 points) 19. First quarter/semester in college (36 points) 20. Change in living conditions (31 points) 21. Serious argument with an instructor (30 points) 22. Lower grades than expected (29 points) 23. Change in sleeping habits (29 points) 24. Change in social activities (29 Points) 25. Change in eating habits (28 points) 26.Chronic car trouble (26 points) 27. Change in the, number of family get-togethers (26 points) 28. Too many missed classes (25 point) 29. Change of college (24 points) 30. Dropping of more than one class (23 points) 31. Minor traffic violations (20 points) 32. Roomm ate problems (15 points) _________Total Points Here’s how to interpret your score. If your score is 500-645, you are at high risk for developing bad eating habits because you are more stressed. If your score is 200-350, you have a 50-50 chance of experiencing a serious effect on your health based on your level of stress.If your score is below 150, you have a less serious chance of your stress level interfering with your food decision making. Bibliography Carol Olander. Eating habit questionnaire. 1999. 3/13/13 ;http://www. nncc. org/evaluation/nutrition5. html;. Dr. France Bellisle. The Determinants of Food Choice . 08/03/2013. 3/09/12 ;http://www. eufic. org/article/en/expid/review-food-choice/;. Grilo, C. M. , ; White, M. A. (2011). A controlled evaluation of the distress criterion for binge eating disorder. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 79(4), 509-514. doi: 10. 1037/a0024259 Grossbard, J.R. , Atkins, D. C. , Geisner, I. M. , ; Larimer, M. E. (2012). Does d epressed mood moderate the influence of drive for thinness and muscularity on eating disorder symptoms among college men? Psychology of Men ; Mascularity, doi: 10. 1037/a0028913 Mackinnon, S. P. , Sherry, S. B. , Graham, A. R. , Stewart, S. H. , Sherry, D. L. , Allen, S. L. McGrath, D. S. (2011). Reformulating and undergraduate women: A short term, three-wave longitudinal study. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 58(4) , 630-646. doi: 10. 1037/a0025068 Morehead State University . Stress Survey. 2011. 3/12/13 ;http://www2. oreheadstate. edu/leo/index. aspx? id=6299;. Stice, E. , Rohde, P. , Shaw, H. , ; Marti, C. N. (2012). Efficacy trail of a selective precention program targeting both eating disorder symptoms and unhealthy weight gain among female college students. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80(1), 164-170. doi: 10. 1037/a0026484 Tylka, T. L. , ; Kroon, V. D. (2013). The intuitive eating Scale-2: Item refinement and psychometric evaluation with college women and men. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 60(1), 137-153. doi: 10. 1037/a0030893;10. 1037/a0030893. supp (Supplemental)